A Case Study of Fentanyl-induced Withdrawal Symptoms in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients

Authors

  • Nattanicha Suppalarkbunlue Pharmacy Department, Ramathibodi Hospital
  • Chutaluk Detkasem Pharmacy Department, Ramathibodi Hospital

Keywords:

fentanyl, drug withdrawal symptoms, adverse drug reactions, critically ill, pediatric patients

Abstract

Pediatric patients in critical care units often experience pain due to their underlying medical conditions and medical procedures, including endotracheal intubation. Therefore, it is necessary to provide analgesic and sedative drugs. The commonly used drug for this purpose is fentanyl. However, prolonged high-dose fentanyl administration can lead to withdrawal symptoms when stopped abruptly. Withdrawal symptoms can be prevented by administering fentanyl in appropriate doses and discontinuing the medication gradually when no longer needed. If a patient receives fentanyl for more than five days or accumulates a dosage exceeding 0.48 milligrams per kilogram, it is advisable to gradually reduce the medication dosage and consider alternative opioids with longer half-life, such as methadone or oral morphine. This article presents a case study of a one-month-old Thai male infant with congenital heart disease, who received fentanyl at a dose of 1–3 micrograms per kilogram per hour for 11 days. Upon discontinuation of fentanyl, the patient exhibited agitation, vomiting, tachypnea, and sweating. A withdrawal assessment tool-1 score of 4 was indicative of drug withdrawal symptoms from opioids. Consequently, the patient was started on oral morphine as a substitute, and the dose was gradually reduced until it could be discontinued, taking a total of 12 days for withdrawal management.

This case study demonstrates that drug withdrawal symptoms can be appropriately prevented and managed. Pharmacists can play a crucial role in assessing the risk of withdrawal and providing recommendations for selecting appropriate substitute medications and calculating suitable doses for individual patients.

Author Biographies

Nattanicha Suppalarkbunlue, Pharmacy Department, Ramathibodi Hospital

Pharm.D. (Pharmaceutical Care)

Chutaluk Detkasem, Pharmacy Department, Ramathibodi Hospital

Pharm.D. (Pharmaceutical Care)

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Published

2024-08-31

How to Cite

1.
Suppalarkbunlue N, Detkasem C. A Case Study of Fentanyl-induced Withdrawal Symptoms in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients. Thai J Hosp Pharm [internet]. 2024 Aug. 31 [cited 2025 Dec. 28];34(2):155-64. available from: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/TJHP/article/view/266282