Sex, Age, and Blood Pressure Level and Their Predictive Correlation with Overweight/Obesity in Hypertension Patients Treated at Primary Care Facilities
Keywords:
hypertension, overweight/obesity, cardiovascular risk factorsAbstract
Abstract:
Objectives: To examine the predictive correlation that the factors of sex, age, and blood pressure level had with overweight/obesity in hypertension patients treated at primary care facilities.
Design: Descriptive correlational predictive study.
Methodology: This study was based on secondary data obtained from three cross-sectional study projects conducted on a total 782 hypertension patients. Based on the data, the patients were classifed: 1) into the obese (BMI ≥ 23.0 kg/m2) and non-obese (BMI < 23.0 kg/m2) groups, according to the Asian BMI criteria; 2) into six 10-year age groups (from under 45 as early adults to 85 or older as the oldest-old); and 3) into four JNC-7 blood pressure groups, according to their systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings. The correlations between the factors of sex, age, and blood pressure level were then analysed using the univariate logistic regression analysis, to identify their predictive power for overweight/obesity.
Results: Approximately two-thirds of the patients (66.2%) were overweight/obese, and no signifcant difference in obesity likelihood was observed between males and females (OR = 1.38, 0.93-2.06, p = 0.104). Overweight/obesity was found in a correlation with a young age and a high diastolic blood pressure, but not with a systolic blood pressure and the ability or inability to control the blood pressure according to the criteria.
Compared with the early adults, the middle-old and the oldest-old displayed a reduced overweight/obesity risk (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.11-0.51, p = 0.000 and OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.05-0.37, p = 0.000, respectively). However, the risk increased three times amongst the middle adults (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.10-7.03, p = 0.026). In addition, patients in pre-hypertension and hypertension stages were found to face two-time higher risk (OR
1.94, 95% CI 1.34-2.82, p = 0.000 and OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.09-4.16, p = 0.039, respectively).
Recommendations: A high prevalence of overweight/obesity is found in males and females with hypertension. The obesity risk increased amongst young people with high diastolic blood pressures. The risk was detected in patients in all systolic blood pressure categories, regardless of their blood pressure control ability or inability. For this reason, weight monitoring, weight control, and weight loss guidelines should be added to the routine care for all hypertension patients.
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