Factors Predicting Self-Care Behaviours in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Keywords:
coronary artery disease, self-care behaviours, cognitive representation of illness, knowledge of the disease, frailty, emotional responseAbstract
Objective: To investigate the predictive power that cognitive representation of illness, emotional response, knowledge of the disease, and frailty could have on self-care behaviours in patients with coronary artery disease
Design: Predictive correlational research
Methodology: The subjects were 158 male and female patients aged 18 and above, recruited via simple random sampling. The subjects, who were diagnosed to have developed coronary artery disease for at least 6 months, were treated at a specialised tertiary hospital. Data were collected between April and July 2021, using a personal information questionnaire, the Self-Care of Coronary Heart Disease Inventory, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Coronary Artery Disease Education Questionnaire (short version), and the Frailty Scale Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and logistics regression analysis were used to analyse the data.
Results: The majority of the sample (79.7%) were male with an average age of 62.27 years (SD = 9.08). Most of the subjects (75.3%) displayed a high overall level of self-care behaviour.The analysis of predictive power revealed that cognitive representation of illness, emotional response, knowledge of the disease, and frailty were able to jointly predict 11.6% self-care behaviours in coronary artery disease patients (Nagelkerke R2= 0.116). The factors identified as having significant predictive power on self-care behaviours were high level of knowledge of the disease (OR = 5.54, 95% CI = 1.43 – 21.47, p = .013) and high level of cognitive representation of illness (OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.05 – 5.74, p = .038).
Recommendations: Nurses and members of a healthcare staff should educate coronary artery disease patients on the disease process and cognitive representation of the illness, to promote better self-care behaviours.
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