Factors Associated to Quality of Life in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies Undergoing Chemotherapy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60099/jtnmc.v38i01.260163Keywords:
Chemotherapy, Patients with Hematologic Malignancy, Quality of Life, Theory of transition, illness representationAbstract
Introduction: Hematologic malignancy is a significant public health problem worldwide and in Thailand, being listed among the top ten cancers. In recent years, the number of new cases has been increasing, resulting in a considerable disease burden for patients and negatively impacting their health and quality of life.
Objectives: To 1) describe levels of quality of life in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing chemotherapy across three dimensions: perception of symptoms, functional, and global health status and quality of life, and 2) investigate factors associated with quality of life, including illness representation, knowledge about the disease and chemotherapy treatment, stress, and social support. Meleis’s Transition Theory was utilized as a framework for this study.
Design: A descriptive correlational research.
Methodology: The participants included 116 patients with hematologic malignancies who were undergoing chemotherapy and receiving care at the Hematology Clinic of a tertiary hospital in Bangkok. The participants were purposively selected according to the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using six questionnaires including the Personal Data Record Form and Illness and Treatment Record Form, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Assessment of Knowledge in Cancer Patients undergoing Chemotherapy Questionnaire, the Thai Version of 10-item Perceived Stress Scale, the MOS Social Support Survey and the EORTC QLQ-C30 Questionnaire. All instruments were content validated by experts, and the reliabilities were assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and Kuder Richardson-20, depending on the questionnaire type. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient were used to analyze the data.
Results: Patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing chemotherapy reported high levels of quality of life in all dimensions. Two variables that were significantly associated with quality of life including illness representation and stress. Both illness representation and stress were positively correlated with the quality of life in the symptom dimension (r = .401, p < .001; r = .396, p < .001, respectively). However, these variables were negatively correlated with the functional dimension (r = -.518, p < .001; r = -.350, p < .001, respectively), as well as the global health status and quality of life dimension (r = -.461, p < .001; r = -. 275, p < .01, respectively). This study found no significant relationship between knowledge about the disease and chemotherapy, social support, and quality of life.
Recommendations: It is recommended that healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, conduct regular assessments and monitoring of quality of life in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing chemotherapy, especially during their transition period. Furthermore, interventions aimed at promoting positive illness representation and reducing stress should be implemented to improve all dimensions of patients’ quality of life.
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