Epidemiology of Congenital Syphilis under the five dimensions of the disease and health hazard surveillance system in Thailand, 2019
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14456/taj.2022.11Keywords:
syphilis, congenital syphilis, disease surveillance systemAbstract
Thailand has achieved the elimination of mother-to-child transmission (EMTCT) of HIV and syphilis since 2016. For monitoring and planning of prevention and control of the congenital syphilis disease in Thailand, the purpose of this study was to describe the distribution of congenital syphilis and the risk factors related.
The study was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected using secondary data under the five dimensions of Thailand’s disease and health hazard surveillance system. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percent, median, and mean. A geographic information system was applied to display the spatial distribution of disease.
The results showed that the rate of congenital syphilis in 2019 (45.46 cases per 100,000 live births) was higher than in the previous year, corresponding to the prevalence of syphilis in pregnancy which tends to be higher, especially among youths under 25 years of age. Most of the syphilis-infected pregnant women received the first antenatal care visit at more than 12 weeks of gestation (63.43%) and had been inadequately treated (36.61%) and untreated (30.06%). According to indicators of the World Health Organization (WHO), Thailand had achieved EMTCT of syphilis in 2019, such as the rate of congenital syphilis, the proportion of syphilis screening in pregnant women, and the proportion of positive pregnant women treated.
The results also focused on the gaps in access to health care services during pregnancy, including quality antenatal care, early detection of syphilis, and timely treatment in pregnant women according to guidelines to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, it is necessary to promote educating young people and those with risk behaviors, strengthen the maternal and child health service system, and surveillance for congenital syphilis in high-risk areas.
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