การใช้สมุนไพรอย่างสมเหตุผล

ผู้แต่ง

  • มยุรี ตั้งเกียรติกำจาย สาขาวิชาเภสัชกรรมคลินิก คณะเภสัชศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยศรีนครินทรวิโรฒ

บทคัดย่อ

การเลือกใช้สมุนไพรอย่างสมเหตุผลควรคำนึงถึงประสิทธิผล ความปลอดภัย และความคุ้มค่า โดยเฉพาะเมื่อใช้สำหรับบรรเทาหรือรักษาโรคเรื้อรังหรือโรคที่รุนแรง เช่น โรคไขมันพอกตับ หรือโรคมะเร็ง แนวทางการพิจารณาประสิทธิผลของสมุนไพรบนหลักฐานเชิงประจักษ์ คือ ประเมินจากงานวิจัยทางคลินิกเป็นหลัก รวมทั้งสายพันธุ์ของสมุนไพร รูปแบบ ขนาดและระยะเวลาที่ใช้ต้องสอดคล้องกับผลการวิจัย ด้านความปลอดภัยควรระวังการใช้สมุนไพรในกลุ่มที่มีความเสี่ยงที่จะเกิดอันตราย ได้แก่ เด็ก หญิงตั้งครรภ์ หญิงให้นมบุตร ผู้สูงอายุ ผู้ที่รับประทานยาวาร์ฟาริน ผู้ที่มีการทำงานของตับและไตบกพร่อง หลักฐานเชิงประจักษ์ด้านความปลอดภัยส่วนใหญ่พิจารณาจากกรณีศึกษา (case report) หรืองานวิจัยในสัตว์ทดลอง และควรคำนึงถึงราคาเทียบกับประโยชน์ที่ได้รับว่าคุ้มค่าหรือไม่ บทความนี้นำเสนอข้อมูลสมุนไพรบนหลักฐานเชิงประจักษ์ที่มีการใช้อย่างแพร่หลายในประชาชน เช่น ฟ้าทะลายโจรกับโรคติดเชื้อไวรัสโคโรนา 2019 (Coronavirus disease 2019; COVID-19) สารสกัดเห็ดหลินจือกับโรคมะเร็ง หรือ แปะก๊วยกับการป้องกันสมองเสื่อม และสมุนไพรที่ควรระวังการใช้ในผู้ที่ได้รับยาวาร์ฟาริน หรือผู้ที่มีการทำงานของตับหรือไตบกพร่อง

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