Concept of Trace Elements
Keywords:
trace elements, essential trace elements, deficiency, toxicityAbstract
Trace elements (TE) are the elements that are required in minimal amount, range from microgram to milligram, to
maintain healthy being. To date, 14 TE have been identified to have impact on health. Most of the TE are found in earth crust
and soil. They are taken up by plants growing in the soil, transferred to herbivores, then to carnivores as well as human.
Therefore, the amount of TE in the land is the major determinant of trace elements content in the foods. Essentiality of TE
is based on the concordant evidences of disease encountering individual proven to be in the TE deficient state. Physiologically,
homeostasis of bodyûs TE contents is tightly regulated by adjustment of the absorption rate of TE from foods and the
excretion of TE via kidney or hepatobiliary system. Toxicity of TE may occur when the absorption or excretion mechanisms
alter pathologically or the intake amount of TE overwhelms the adaptationûs ability of the body
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