Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
Keywords:
bioelectrical impedance analysis, body composition, fat mass, fat free mass, phase angleAbstract
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a body composition assessment method at tissue-system level which analyzes and reports results based on two- or four-compartment model depending on complexity of the system. The basic principles rely on the measurement of the opposition of body cells and tissues to the flow of radio-frequency alternating electrical current. As the current flows through varied materials the voltage associated to electrical current changes which can be measured and calculated for impedance. The components of impedance are then analyzed using regression models to determine different compartments of the body. Recent development regarding BIA system and techniques used such as increasing number of electrodes to measure impedance segmentally and employing multiple electrical frequencies to for measurement
and analysis makes data obtained from newer BIA models more reliable and valid. In addition to regression model-based body composition data, alternative method such as bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) and raw impedance data such as impedance ratio and phase angle can also be used to provide additional clinical information. Advantages of BIA for use clinically are being non-invasive, safe, low per-unit cost and quick. However, there are some limitations and technical issues that require consideration when using BIA in clinical practice in order to ensure highest possible validity and reliability.
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