The Effect of Teaching Using a 5Es Learning Cycle Model on Knowledge, Self-care behavior and Hemoglobin Levels among Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Abstract

This research was a quasi-experimental design using one group with pre- and post-test. The aim was to explore the effect of teaching using a 5Es Learning Cycle Model on knowledge, self-care behavior, and hemoglobin A1c level among type 2 diabetic patients.  The subjects were purposely sampled from patients with type 2 diabetes who have hemoglobin A1c levels more than 7 percent in diabetes clinics at Sunpasitthiprasong hospital between July 2020 to July 2021. There were 52 subjects who met the inclusion criteria. The intervention (education program) is based on the 5Es Learning Cycle Model, which consists of Engagement, Exploration, Explanation, Elaboration and Evaluation. The education program included teaching patients about self-care practices in different areas such as exercise, medication, injection insulin, healthy diet, foot examination, blood sugar monitoring and stress management. The subjects kept the log of their self-care practices on a calendar with certain target dates. The tools used for data collection include a personal data record form, a self-care report form (with a target calendar), hemoglobin A1c level, and a knowledge test. Descriptive statistics and Pair t-test was used in data analysis for comparison of knowledge scores before and after teaching. The results showed a statistically significant reduced hemoglobin A1c level after the intervention. Self-care behavior reflected in the target calendar showed 80.77% and 57.69% positive changes in diet and exercise, respectively.  The study findings suggested that the education program based on the 5Es Learning Cycle Model could be used as a guide for nursing practice in order to control the hemoglobin A1c levels among type 2 diabetic patients.