The antibacterial effect of unripe namwa banana peel (Musa sapientum L.) extracts on Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus cereus isolated from swine houses

Abstract

This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of unripe banana peel “Nam Wa” (Musa sapientum L.) (UW) extract in inhibiting the growth of S. epidermidis and B. cereus, which were isolated from swine houses. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of UW were determined using the broth microdilution method. Time-kill assays were conducted at 2, 5 and 10 times the MIC to measure the remaining bacterial counts at various time points for 24 hours. The UW extract was tested for its ability to inhibit the enzyme protease using a protease activity assay. The results were analyzed using the mean and standard deviation.

The experiments revealed that the MIC of UW, which inhibited S. epidermidis and B. cereus were 7.81 mg/mL and 15.625 mg/mL, respectively. Similarly, the MBC of UW, which killed S. epidermidis and B. cereus were 7.81 mg/mL and 15.625 mg/mL, respectively. In the time-kill assays, it was found that UW extract at 5 times the MIC (39 mg/mL) could eliminate S. epidermidis after 8 hours. Increasing the concentration to 10 times the MIC (78 mg/mL) resulted in the elimination of S. epidermidis within 4 hours and B. cereus within 18 hours. Additionally, UW extract at a concentration of 3.90 mg/mL was found to inhibit the protease activity of S. epidermidis. While every concentration of the extracts failed to inhibit the activity of B. cereus protease enzymes. The results of the study can be developed and expanded upon, such as creating an innovation to produce safe biological agents for controlling pathogenic microorganisms in swine houses.