อุบัติการณ์การตั้งครรภ์และภาวะแทรกซ้อนของหญิงตั้งครรภ์วัยรุ่นที่คลอดในโรงพยาบาลดำเนินสะดวก

บทคัดย่อ

Objective: To determine incidence of teenage pregnancy and compare obstetrics and neonatal complication of teenage pregnancy with adult pregnancy.

Material and method: A retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Damnoen Saduak Hospital. The study group consisted of primigravida women aged 12-19 years who gave birth during October 1st, 2007 to September 30th, 2012. The control group consisted of primigravida women aged 20-34 years who gave birth at the same period. Both groups were compared for demographic data, obstetric and neonatal complications including mode of delivery.

Results: 844 were study group and 1,266 were control group, the incidence of teenage pregnancy was 27 per 1,000 adolescent and 19.2 % of all pregnancies. The study group had lower level education than control group. The study group had the higher risk of vaginal delivery significant than control group (RR = 2.4; 95% CI = 2.0-2.9). The risk of caesarean section and operative vaginal delivery decreased in study group (RR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.3-0.5 and RR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.5-0.9, respectively). The study group had significant risk of preterm labour and low birth weight (RR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.1-1.9 and RR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1-2.0, respectively). The control group had statistical significance in cephalopelvic disproportion, prolong rupture of membranes, breech presentation and fetal distress than the study group. (10% VS 4.3%; p < 0.001: 18.3% VS 7.1%; p < 0.001: 3.7% VS 1.7%; p = 0.006 and 2.9% VS 1.3%; p = 0.015, respectively).

Conclusion: The incidence of teenage pregnancy was 19.2 % of all pregnancies. Teenage mother had lower levels of education than adult pregnancy. Preterm labour and low birth weight were only two complications that found in teenage mothers.