Factors Predicting Holistic Wellness among Older Adult COVID-19 Survivors
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64767/trcn.2025.272624Keywords:
social support, health literacy, health behaviors, holistic wellness, COVID-19Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the predictive ability of holistic wellness among older adult COVID-19 survivors in Mueang District, Nakhon Pathom Province, focusing on their health literacy, health behaviors, and social support.The study used simple random sampling to select 375 participants.The research instruments for measuring holistic wellness, health literacy, health behaviors, and social support demonstrated excellent validity and reliability, with a content validity index (CVI) of 1.0 for all assessments, indicating comprehensive expert agreement, and strong internal consistency scores via Cronbach's alpha coefficients (0.85, 0.95, 0.93, and 0.84, respectively).Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis.
The results showed that the older adult COVID-19 survivors reported a high level of holistic wellness (Mean = 3.74, S.D. = 0.35), excellent health literacy (Mean = 4.41, S.D. = 0.54), good health behaviors (Mean = 3.81, S.D. = .49), and the highest level of social support (Mean = 4.43, S.D. = .47). The predictive value of health literacy, health behaviors, and social support on holistic wellness was 45.20%.The multiple regression coefficients revealed that social support was the strongest predictor of holistic wellness (beta = .37), followed by health literacy (beta = .31) and health behaviors (beta = .23), respectively.
In conclusion, it is recommended that a program be designed to integrate health literacy, health behaviors, and social support for promoting the holistic wellness of elderly COVID-19 survivors.
References
Clemente-Suárez VJ, Navarro-Jiménez E, Moreno-Luna L, Saavedra-Serrano MC, Jimenez M, Simón JA, et al. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social, health, and economy. Sustainability 2021;13(11):6314. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116314
Department of Disease Control Ministry of public health. Weekly COVID 19 situation report in Thailand Nonthaburi: Ministry of public health [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 May 5]. Available from: https://ddc.moph.go.th/brc/news.php?news=44233&deptcode=brc&news_views=3448
Suraseranivong R. The elderly and long-term effects of COVID-19 pandemic era. Journal of Charoenkrung Pracharak Hospital 2024;20(1):49-59. (in Thai)
Jiwattanasuk N, Pannavoravat P, Sirikanchana P. The holistic Well-being concepts in relation to quality of life. Abac ODI Journal 2022;10(1):28-41.
Dunn HL. High-level wellness for man and society. Am J Public Health Nations Health 1959;49(6):786-92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.49.6.786
Mansell V, Hall Dykgraaf S, Kidd M, Goodyear-Smith F. Long COVID and older people. Lancet Healthy Longev 2022;3(12):e849-e54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-7568(22)00245-8
Carrasco-Dajer CM, Vera-Calzaretta AR, Ubillos-Landa S, Oyanedel JC, Díaz-Gorriti V. Impact of a culturally adapted digital literacy intervention on older people and its relationship with health literacy, quality of life, and well-being. Front Psychol 2024;15:1305569. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1305569
Behrendt D, Spieker S, Sumngern C, Wendschuh V. Integrating social support into interventions among the elderly in nursing homes: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2023;13(4):e071962. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-071962
Khorani H, Mohammadi F, Hosseinkhani Z, Motalebi SA. Predictive factors of quality of life in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC psychol 2022;10(1):176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00882-w
Ruiz MC, Devonport TJ, Chen-Wilson CJ, Nicholls W, Cagas JY, Fernandez-Montalvo J, et al. A cross-cultural exploratory study of health behaviors and wellbeing during COVID-19. Front psychol 2021;11:608216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.608216
Thangkratok P, Promin K, Palacheewa N, Pinrat P. Long COVID care for older adults in community after COVID-19 infection: a case study. Ramathibodi Med J 2022;45:28-42.
Ministry of Public Health. Health performance report region 5 Public Health Office 2023. [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 May 6]. Available from: https://region5.moph.go.th/region5/file_upload/Summary66.pdf
Pitanthananukul P. Factors related to holistic health of older people in Duan Yai sub-district, Wang Hin district, Sisaket province. J Health Sci BCNS 2023;7(1):47-61. (in Thai)
Nakhon Pathom Provincial Public Health Office. (2024). COVID-19 Case Report for Mueang District, Nakhon Pathom Province. In press 2024. (in Thai)
Krejcie RV, Morgan DW. Determining sample size for research activities. Educ Psychol Meas 1970;30(3):607-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308
Intarakamhaeng U. Creating and developing of Thailand health literacy scales [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2025 May 10]. Available from: http://bsris.swu.ac.th/upload/268335.pdf
Sørensen K, Van den Broucke S, Fullam J, Doyle G, Pelikan J, Slonska Z, et al. Health literacy and public health: a systematic review and integration of definitions and models. BMC Public Health 2012;12:80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-80
House JS. Work stress and social support [Internet]. 1981 [cited 2025 May 12]. Available from: https://www.scribd.com/document/588747155/House-1981-Work-Stress-and-Social-Support
Ruchiwit M, Phanphairoj K, Sumneangsanor T, Mamom J. The factors of the holistic health status of Thai elders in the 21st century. Curr Aging Sci 2021;14(1):19-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1874609813666200131123537
Nutbeam D. The evolving concept of health literacy. Soc Sci Med 2008;67(12):2072-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.09.050
Muenboonme W, Nunthaitaweekul P, Rattakul B. Health literacy of the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. JDR 2023;18(8):924-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2023.p0924
Pender NJ, Parsons MA, Murdaugh CL. Health promotion in nursing practice. 7th ed. London: Pearson; 2015.
Upake C, Nanthamongkolchai S, Taechaboonsermsak P, Yodmai K, Suksatan W. Factors predicting the coronavirus disease 2019 preventive behaviors of older adults: a cross-sectional study in Bangkok, Thailand. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022;19(16):10361. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610361
Phutchongchai T, Pattarasirisomboon P, Nuansithong N, Proykoksoong B. Study of holistic well-being and quality of life of the elderly, Mueang district, Chaiyaphum province. Regional Health Promotion Center 9 Journal 2024;18(1):296-310. (in Thai)
Jagroep W, Cramm JM, Denktaş S, Nieboer AP. Health behaviours and well-being among older adults with a Surinamese migration background in the Netherlands. BMC Public Health 2022;22(1):2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14414-z
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Srisavarindhira Thai Red Cross Institute of Nursing
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
เนื้อหาบทความหรือข้อคิดเห็นต่างๆ ในวารสารพยาบาลสภากาชาดไทยนี้ เป็นความคิดเห็นของผู้เขียนบทความ ไม่ใช่ความเห็นของกองบรรณาธิการ หรือสถาบันการพยาบาลศรีสวรินทิรา สภากาชาดไทย
