Factors Associated with Streptococcus suis Meningitis among Patients in Northern Thailand
Keywords:
Streptococcus suis, Meningitis, Northern, ThailandAbstract
A cross-sectional descriptive study was to explore epidemiological characteristics of Streptococcus suis meningitis and their associated factors. The S. suis infection reported cases in 8 provinces in Northern Thailand between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019 were recruited. Their outbreak report, case investigation report and outbreak data in the database system of Office of Disease Prevention and Control No.1, Chiang Mai were collected and reviewed. Potential factors of S. suis meningitis were identified by using univariate and multivariate analyses. Of 45 patients with S. suis infection, 39 (86.7%) were male and the mean age was 56.5±14.6 years. Most common signs and symptoms were fever (91.1%) followed by headache (57.8%), muscle pain (53.3%), hearing loss (35.6%), and nausea/vomiting (28.9%). Meningitis (57.8%) was characterized the most common clinical manifestation. We used the multivariate analysis to identify associations of factors from 26/45 patients (57.8%) with S. suis meningitis that showed the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of alcohol drinking was 8.25 (95% CI = 1.36-50.13) and raw minced pork consumption was 7.72 (95% CI =1.28-46.64). Conclusion was that an alcohol drinking and raw minced pork consumption were significantly associated with S. suis meningitis. These factors may be useful for further public health prevention campaigns.
References
ธีรศักดิ์ ชักนำ. (2552). คู่มือแนวทางการเฝ้าระวังและสอบสวนโรคติดเชื้อสเตร็พโตค็อกคัสซูอิส. นนทบุรี: สำนักระบาดวิทยา กรมควบคุมโรค.
Athey, T. B. A., Teatero, S., Lacouture, S., Takamatsu, D., Gottschalk, M., Fittipaldi, N. (2016). Determining Streptococcus suis serotype from short-read whole-genome sequencing data. BMC Microbiol. [cited 2019 March 25]; Available from: URL:https://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12866-016-0782-8
Brouwer, M. C., Tunkel, A. R, van de Beek, D. (2010). Epidemiology, diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. Clin Microbiol Rev. [cited 2019 March 25]; Available from: URL: https://cmr.asm.org/content/cmr/23/3/467.full.pdf.
Choi, S. M., Cho, B. H., Choi, K. H. et al. (2012). Meningitis caused by Streptococcus suis: case report and review of the literature. J Clin Neurol. [cited 2019 March 25]; Available from: URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3325437/pdf/jcn-8-79.pdf
Fongcom, A., Prusakorn, S., Netsirawan, P., Pongprasert, R., Onsibud, P. (2009). Streptococcus suis infection: a prospective study in northern Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 40(3), 511–517.
Huong, V. T. L., Ha, N., Huy, N. T. et al. (2014). Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and outcomes of Streptococcus suis infection in humans. Emerging infectious diseases. [cited 2019 March 25]; Available from: URL:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4073838/pdf/13-1594.pdf.
Kerdsin, A., Dejsirilert, S., Puangpatra, P. et al. (2011). Genotypic profile of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 and clinical features of infection in humans, Thailand. Emerg Infect Dis. [cited 2019 March 25]; Available from: URL:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3321758/pdf/10-0754_finalR.pdf.
Lun, Z. R., Wang, Q. P., Chen, X. G., Li, A. X., Zhu, X. Q. (2007). Streptococcus suis: an emerging zoonotic pathogen. Lancet Infect Dis, 7(3), 201-209.
Padungtod, P., Tharavichitkul, P., Junya, S. et al. (2010). Incidence and presence of virulence factors of Streptococcus suis infection in slaughtered pigs from Chiang Mai, Thailand. Med Public Health, 41(6), 1454-1461.
Prasert, K., Nakphook, S., Chawanchitiporn, S., Veerapol, P. (2016). Clinical and epidemiology features of patients with Streptococcus suis infection in Nakhon Phanom province, Thailand, 2005-2012. J Dep Med Serv, 41(6), 80-89.
Rayanakorn, A., Goh, B. H., Lee, L. H., Khan, T. M., Saokaew, S. (2018). Risk factors for Streptococcus suis infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. [cited 2019 March 25]; Available from: URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6127304/pdf/41598_2018_Article_31598.pdf.
Rayanakorn, A., Katip, W., Goh, B., Oberdorfer, P., Lee, L. H. (2019). Clinical Manifestations and Risk Factors of Streptococcus suis Mortality Among Northern Thai Population: Retrospective 13-Year Cohort Study. Infection and Drug Resistance. [cited 2019 March25]; Available from: URL:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6941973/pdf/idr-12-3955.pdf.
Segura, M. (2009). Streptococcus suis: an emerging human threat. J Infect Dis, 199(1), 4-6.
Srifuengfung, S. (2009). Streptococcus suis infection. Siriraj Med J, 61(6), 334-338.
Tan, J. H., Yeh, B. I., Seet, C. S. (2010). Deafness due to haemorrhagic labyrinthitis and a review of relapses in Streptococcus suis meningitis. Singapore Med J. [cited 2019 March 25]; Available from: URL:http://smj.sma.org.sg/5102/5102cr3.pdf.
Van Samkar, A. V., Brouwer, M. C., Schultsz, C., van de Ende, A., van de Beek, D. (2015). Streptococcus suis Meningitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. [cited 2019 March 12]; Available from: URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4624688/pdf/pntd.0004191.pdf.
Wangkaew, S., Chaiwarith, R., Tharavichitkul, P., Supparatpinyo, K. (2006). Streptococcus suis infection: a series of 41 cases from Chiang Mai University Hospital. J Infect, 52(6), 455–460.
Wangsomboonsiri, W., Luksananun, T., Saksornchai, S., Ketwong, K., Sungkanuparph, S. (2008). Streptococcus suis infection and risk factors for mortality. J Infect, 57(5), 392–396.
Wertheim, H. F.L., Nghia, H. D., Taylor, W., Schultsz, C. (2009). Streptococcus suis: an emerging human pathogen. Clin Infect Dis, 48, 617-625.
Wertheim, H. F.L., Nguyen, H. N., Taylor, W. et al. (2009). Streptococcus suis, an important cause of adult bacterial meningitis in northern Vietnam. PLoS One. [cited 2019 March 25]; Available from: URL:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2696092/pdf/pone.0005973.pdf.
