Health Risk Assessment of Inhalation Exposure to Ambient Size-Fractionated PM-bound PAHs during Smog Season in Chiang Mai Urban Area in 2022
Keywords:
Respiratory health risk, Size-fractionated particulate matter, PAHs, SmogAbstract
Haze occurred in the dry season in the north suspended dust and particulate matters became a respiratory heath crisis. Objectives of this research were to investigate size-fractionated particulate matter and their polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) concentrations in ambient air and to assess human respiratory health risk. Size-fractionated PMs were collected in Muang District of Chiang Mai Province during smoke haze period from February to April, 2022. The samples were continuously probed for 48 hours by using a cascade impactor air sampler that could be separated into nine fractions. 16-PAHs were analyzed by GC-MS. PAHs compositions were determined for respiratory health risk assessment that followed the U.S. EPA guidelines. The results showed that the concentrations of total PM (PM10) ranged from 36.86-126.87 µg/m3 (average 84.28±27.32 µg/m3). The PM concentration was found to be highest in particle size ranged 0.65-0.43 µm, accounted for 18.08%. The concentrations of total PAHs in all PM sizes ranged from 1.30-3.19 ng/m3 (average 2.14 ±0.51 ng/m3). The highest average concentration of PAHs was found in particle size ranged 0.65-0.43 µm, accounted for 20.37%. The results from health risk assessment of inhalation exposed to PAHs showed that the inhalation cancer risk was moderate with an average value of 7.19x10-5. The highest toxicity equivalent concentration (TEQ) was found in fine particles with the particle size range lowered than 2.1 µm. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) in children group (1-15 years) was about 1-2 times higher than in adult group (16-70 years). To sum up all the investigation results, the high concentration of fine particles found in ambient air leads to high respiratory health risk and the high inhalation the high cancer risk, especially, in children group.
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