The rate of detecting colorectal neoplasia in patients who undergo fecal immunochemical test (FIT) screening with positive results at Khon Kaen Hospital.

บทคัดย่อ

Objective : To determine the detection rate of colorectal neoplasia by fecal immunochemical test (FIT) for colorectal cancer screening in average-risk individuals in Khon Kaen Province. Additionally, the study aims to determine the anatomical distribution of colorectal neoplasia.

Method : This retrospective study reviewed medical records of 431 average-risk individuals who tested positive with FIT between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2022. All patients underwent colonoscopy. Patient demographics (age and sex), as well as colonoscopic findings, were analyzed to adenoma detection rate, cecal intubation rate, the location of tumors. Results were presented in terms of proportions and ratios.

Result : Out of the 431 FIT-positive patients, complete colonoscopy was achieved in 407 cases (94.43%), while 24 cases had incomplete procedures. Among those with complete colonoscopy, findings included: normal colonoscopy in 52.08% (212/407), tubular adenoma in 26.78% (109/407), advanced neoplastic polyps in 8.11% (33/407), and invasive cancer in 1.47% (6/407). Other findings were observed in 22.10% (90/407). The overall adenoma detection rate was 34.89% (142/407).

Conclusion : In average-risk individuals with a positive FIT result, colonoscopy revealed a colorectal neoplasia detection rate of 34.89%, with tubular adenoma being the most common lesion (26.78%). Invasive colorectal cancer was detected in 1.47% of cases, with the sigmoid colon being the most frequent tumor location (32.22%). These findings suggest that FIT-based screening followed by colonoscopy in FIT-positive individuals is effective in detecting colorectal adenomas and colorectal cancer.