Apoptosis Induction on Human Cancer Cells of Cannabis sativa L. Cultivar Tanao Sri Kan Dang RD1 Extract
Apoptosis Induction of Thai Cannabis; Tanao Sri Kan Dang RD1
Keywords:
Cannabis sativa L. extract, Tanao Sri Kan Dang RD1, Apoptosis, Cannabidiol, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolAbstract
Cannabis sativa L. has been reported to be active against some kinds of malignant tumor cells. However, the mechanisms of action of the Thai cannabis, Cannabis sativa L. cultivar, Tanao Sri Kan Dang RD1, have not been revealed. This study aimed to investigate the anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing properties of Tanao Sri Kan Dang RD1 extract (TRD1), cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The crude extract, TRD1, was prepared from the cannabis female inflorescences using supercritical fluid extraction. The content of THC and CBD of the extracts was analyzed using High-performance liquid chromatography. The anti-proliferative properties were investigated on several cancer cell lines. The results showed that TRD1, CBD and THC posed cytotoxicity against MCF-7, Hep G2, PANC-1 and A-549 cell lines. MCF-7 cells were the most susceptible to the three compounds investigated (IC50 = 2.81, 2.69 and 4.51 μg/mL, respectively) and chosen to investigate apoptosis induction. TRD1 induced apoptosis dose-dependently (2.5-10.0 μg/mL) in the same manner as CBD did (2.0-8.0 μg/mL), whereas THC induced apoptosis to the same extent as necrosis at 10.0 μg/mL. CBD and THC, also moderated caspase-3 protein expression and induced chromatin condensation in MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, TRD1,
CBD and THC exhibited anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing properties suggesting that they might be further investigated for their anti-cancer drug potential. In addition, in vivo pharmacological and toxicological studies should be conducted to ensure efficacy and safety for further research as medicinal product in the future.
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