Anisakis spp. in Thailand
Anisakis spp. in Thailand
Keywords:
Anisakis spp., Fish, ThailandAbstract
A nematode in the genus Anisakis causes a zoonotic disease and its natural hosts are marine mammals. Currently, it is classified into nine species by genetic analysis. Humans are accidental hosts that can carry the third-stage larvae, which are transmitted by consuming raw or undercooked fish or raw squid. The larvae do not develop in humans. However, they can cause anisakiasis, a gastrointestinal tract disease including gastric, intestinal, and extra-intestinal infections, and allergic reactions. The major species causing human disease are Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (s.s.) and Anisakis pegreffii. Concerning the limitations of the taxonomy, it is collectively referred to as Anisakis simplex. In Thailand, there was only one reported case of intestinal type in 1992. Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of Anisakis spp. in various fish species was 2.9–82.50%, with the highest prevalence found in sea bream (Nemipterus peronii) (82.50%). Species identification using genetic material revealed that they were all Anisakis typica, a species that has never been reported to cause disease in humans. A review of the literature found that there are few studies of Anisakis parasites in Thailand and the study of geographic distribution has not yet covered the entire country's coastlines. There have also been reports of contamination of dead Anisakis parasites in canned fish. This indicates that there may be little knowledge and understanding among personnel in the production sector that influences consumers' lack of confidence in food safety. Therefore, relevant agencies should develop research programs and create health literacy about Anisakis parasites for both entrepreneurs and the public.
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