Detection of Vaccine-Derived Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Viruses Found in Patient Specimens in Thailand, 2017−2024
Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine-Derived Strains in Thailand
Keywords:
MMR vaccine-derived Measles virus, MMR vaccine-derived Mumps virus, MMR vaccine-derived Rubella virusAbstract
The Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine. Although the MMR vaccine is generally safe, it may cause adverse effects such as high fever, joint pain, rash, or parotid gland swelling. In rare cases, infection may occur due to the vaccine strain itself. This study aimed
to analyze the genetic sequences of measles, mumps, and rubella viruses using the Sanger sequencing method from viral isolates collected from patients during 2017 and 2024. The obtained sequences were compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) reference strains to monitor the presence of imported strains, mutations, and vaccine-derived virus strains in Thailand. The results showed that among 1,862 measles, 26 mumps, and 12 rubella virus samples, the vaccine strains were detected in 4 measles virus samples (0.21%), 4 mumps virus samples (14.29%), and 1 rubella virus sample (8.33%). These findings provided evidence supporting the possibility of vaccine-derived infections and indicated the circulation of local strains within the country. This information is essential for viral surveillance to control disease outbreaks and prevent adverse events related to the vaccination. The data from this study will be useful for public health authorities in developing future national immunization strategy planning to enhance disease control effectiveness.
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