ประสิทธิผลโปรแกรมส่งเสริมความรอบรู้ด้านสุขภาพเพื่อป้องกันการตั้งครรภ์ในวัยรุ่น ในนักเรียนมัธยมศึกษาโรงเรียนแห่งหนึ่ง ในเขตอำเภอแวงใหญ่ จังหวัดขอนแก่น

Abstract

This is a quasi-experimental research aimed to study the effectiveness of a health literacy promotion program to prevent teenage pregnancy. Comperision of the mean scores of health literacy in 3 dimensions: health knowledge access skills, health information and health services access skills, and communication access skills to prevent teenage pregnancy before and after receiving the health literacy program to prevent teenage pregnancy in secondary school students at a school in Waeng Yai District, Khon Kaen Province. Together with the assessment of satisfaction after receiving the program. The program activities consisted of 4 times, 1 hour each time, 4 weeks in total, and 8 weeks of follow-up evaluation, totaling 12 weeks, from December 2024 to February 2025. The instruments used consisted of 3 parts: general information of the respondents, knowledge of teenage pregnancy prevention, and satisfaction after receiving the program. The content validity was checked with an IOC of 0.78 and a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of reliability of 0.82. The sample consisted of Mathayom 1 students according to the inclusion criteria. and the exclusion criteria, 44 people (n=44), were selected as a sample group by simple random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Paired Sample t-test statistics.

          The research results found that the health literacy level of the sample group after receiving the program increased both overall and in each aspect at a high level and had a statistically significant difference (p-value < 0.001) (x ̅ = 15.12, S.D. = 7.10, 95% CI = 13.54 - 16.68, Mean difference = 15.11). The level of knowledge for teenage pregnancy prevention of the sample group before receiving the program, including skills to access health knowledge and understanding on teenage pregnancy prevention, was at a high level (x ̅ = 3.82, S.D. = 0.59), skills to access health information and health services on teenage pregnancy prevention were at a moderate level (x ̅ = 3.66, S.D. = 0.58), and skills to access communication on teenage pregnancy prevention were at a moderate level (x ̅ = 3.29 S.D. = 0.68). After receiving the program, the knowledge level of the sample group increased both overall and in each aspect. At a high level, including skills in accessing knowledge and understanding of health in the area of ​​teenage pregnancy prevention, at a high level (x ̅ = 4.21, S.D. = 0.45), skills in accessing health information and health services in the area of ​​teenage pregnancy prevention, at a high level (x ̅ = 4.27, S.D. = 0.39), and skills in accessing communication in the area of ​​teenage pregnancy prevention, at a high level (x ̅ = 4.27, S.D. = 0.39). Prevent teenage pregnancy at a high level (x ̅ = 4.13, S.D. = 0.39). The sample group had a high level of satisfaction after receiving the program (x ̅ = 4.52, S.D. = 0.59).

          The sample had a moderate level of knowledge in communication skills before receiving the program and a high level after receiving the program. The recommendations are to use communication channels that teenagers are familiar with, use social media and online platforms to communicate, and conduct research to cover health literacy to prevent teenage pregnancy in all areas.