Comparative study of survival outcomes between intensive, non-intensive and palliative treatment in acute myeloid leukemia patients at Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital

Abstract

Background: Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) who receive chemotherapy treatment, including Intensive regimen: 7+3 induction, HIDAC regimen, Reduced chemotherapy regimen (Non intensive regimen), as well as palliative treatment, have a very high mortality rate. This study aims to compare the treatment outcomes of each approach.

Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective comparative study using medical records of 117 AML patients from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2023. The Kaplan-Meier analysis method was used to compare the survival rates of patients treated with Intensive regimen, Non intensive regimen, and Palliative treatment.

Results: In a study of 117 AML patients, the average age was 58.4 ± 15.2 years, with a median survival time of 2 months. The 1-year survival rate was 20.7%. A comparison of 1-year survival rates between patients receiving intensive, non-intensive regimens, and palliative treatment showed rates of 44.4%, 45.8%, and 6.8%, respectively (P-value < 0.001). Notably, patients who received intensive regimens had a high induction death rate of 33.33% following their first chemotherapy session.

Conclusions: A retrospective comparison of survival rates among the intensive regimen, non-intensive regimen, and palliative care groups revealed a statistically significant difference.

This indicates that intensive and non-intensive regimens result in better survival rates compared to palliative care. Notably, the non-intensive regimen group demonstrated the best outcomes when compared to the other groups

Key word: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), Chemotherapy regimen, Survival rate, Induction death rate