Study of Congenital Malformation in a Tertiary  Care Teaching Hospital

Swaranjika  Sahoo; Ria  Ganguly; Mrutunjay  Dash; Antaryami  Pradhan; Thambi Gayathri  Priya; Mamata Devi  Mohanty

doi:10.33192/Smj.2021.79

Authors

Swaranjika Sahoo *Department of Pediatrics, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar
Ria Ganguly Department of Community Medicine, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Indonesia.
Mrutunjay Dash Department of Pediatrics, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Indonesia.
Antaryami Pradhan Department of Pediatrics, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Indonesia.
Thambi Gayathri Priya Department of Pediatrics, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Indonesia.
Mamata Devi Mohanty Department of Pediatrics, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Indonesia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33192/Smj.2021.79

Keywords:

Congenital anomalies, Genitourinary system, Gastrointestinal system, Hypospadiasis

Abstract

Objective: Congenital anomaly is one of the most important causes & being the 5th most common cause of
neonatal mortality & morbidity. It may present as a structural or functional abnormality. These defects occur due to defective embryogenesis. Associated factors may be maternal age, maternal TORCH infection, drugs, genetic factors. Antenatal USG reduces the incidence.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in the Pediatric department over 1 year. Diagnosis of
all congenital anomalies was done by the concerned pediatrician& pediatric surgeon. Data was collected in the
specified format.
Results: A total of 10205 cases of age group 1 month to 5 years presented to the paediatric OPD, out of which 193
children were diagnosed as congenital anomalies in 1 year. Males were found to be affected the most. The most
common system involved was found to be the genitourinary system (36.78%). The second most common system involved was the gastrointestinal system (33.67%). The least common system involved was the musculoskeletal system.
Conclusion: Congenital anomalies are a major cause of neonatal & infantile mortality & morbidity. Routine
screening with a level II targeted scan for all the pregnant mothers should be mandatory. Adequate nutrition, parental education & Rubella vaccination of the mother can decrease the prevalence of congenital anomalies to some extend.

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