Metastatic Death Following Ophthalmic Artery Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Nattawut  Leelakanok; La-ongsri  Atchaneeyasakul; Dittapong  Songsaeng; Janthima  Methaneethorn; Kleebsabai  Sanpakit; Jassada Buaboonnam

doi:10.33192/smj.v76i3.266573

Authors

Nattawut Leelakanok Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
La-ongsri Atchaneeyasakul Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Dittapong Songsaeng Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Janthima Methaneethorn Pharmacokinetic Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand / Center of Excellence for Environmental Health and Toxicology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
Kleebsabai Sanpakit 6Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Jassada Buaboonnam 6Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33192/smj.v76i3.266573

Keywords:

retinoblastoma, metastasis, intra-arterial chemotherapy, mortality, central nervous system

Abstract

Objective: The use of ophthalmic artery chemotherapy (OAC) as a front-line and salvage therapy for retinoblastoma has grown. However, the risk of metastatic death in these patients remains unclear.

Materials and Methods: This study of metastatic deaths in OAC may benefit physicians managing retinoblastoma patients. A literature search of Medline, Scopus, Science Direct, and CINAHL was conducted from conception until November 2023. The primary outcome was metastatic death in patients treated with OAC.

Results: From the 219 evaluated articles, nine met the inclusion criteria. A total of 596 (635 eyes) patients were treated with OAC; and 20 cases resulted in death due to metastasis of the retinoblastoma. The metastatic mortality rate was 2.5% (95% confidence interval: 0.8%-4.2%) which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The central nervous system was the most common site of metastasis, followed by multiple sites of metastasis.

Conclusion: OAC treatment is associated with the risk of metastatic death, but it is lower than the overall mortality rate of retinoblastoma. Further studies to identify the risk of metastasis are needed.

References

Atchaneeyasakul L. Retinoblastoma: What s' new? Siriraj Med J. 2007;59(3):144-5.

Seregard S, Lundell G, Svedberg H, Kivelä T. Incidence of retinoblastoma from 1958 to 1998 in Northern Europe: advantages of birth cohort analysis. Ophthalmology. 2004;111(6):1228-32.

Fernandes AG, Pollock BD, Rabito FA. Retinoblastoma in the United States: A 40-Year Incidence and Survival Analysis. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2018;55(3):182-8.

Zhu D, Berry JL, Ediriwickrema L, Wong K, Lee TC, Murphree AL, et al. Long-Term Outcomes of Group B Eyes in Patients with Retinoblastoma Treated with Short-Course Chemoreduction: Experience from Children's Hospital Los Angeles/University of Southern California. Ocul Oncol Pathol. 2016;2(2):105-11.

Sullivan EM, Wilson MW, Billups CA, Wu J, Merchant TE, Brennan RC, et al. Pathologic risk-based adjuvant chemotherapy for unilateral retinoblastoma following enucleation. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2014;36(6):e335-e40.

Hijiya N, Ness KK, Ribeiro RC, Hudson MM. Acute leukemia as a secondary malignancy in children and adolescents: current findings and issues. Cancer. 2009;115(1):23-35.

Gombos DS, Hungerford J, Abramson DH, Kingston J, Chantada G, Dunkel IJ, et al. Secondary acute myelogenous leukemia in patients with retinoblastoma: is chemotherapy a factor? Ophthalmol. 2007;114(7):1378-83.

Fontanesi J, Pratt CB, Hustu HO, Coffey D, Kun LE, Meyer D. Use of irradiation for therapy of retinoblastoma in children more than 1 year old: the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital experience and review of literature. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1995;24(5):321-6.

Abramson DH, Beaverson KL, Chang ST, Dunkel IJ, McCormick B. Outcome following initial external beam radiotherapy in patients with Reese-Ellsworth group Vb retinoblastoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 2004;122(9):1316-23.

Gobin YP, Dunkel IJ, Marr BP, Brodie SE, Abramson DH. Intra-arterial chemotherapy for the management of retinoblastoma: four-year experience. Arch Ophthalmol. 2011;129(6):732-7.

Abramson DH, Marr BP, Francis JH, Dunkel IJ, Fabius AW, Brodie SE, et al. Simultaneous Bilateral Ophthalmic Artery Chemosurgery for Bilateral Retinoblastoma (Tandem Therapy). PLoS One. 2016;11(6):e0156806.

Olteanu C, Dimaras H. Enucleation Refusal for Retinoblastoma: A Global Study. Ophthalmic Genet. 2016;37(2):137-43.

Zhao J, Feng ZX, Wei M, Liu G, Solarte CE, Li B, et al. Impact of Systemic Chemotherapy and Delayed Enucleation on Survival of Children with Advanced Intraocular Retinoblastoma. Ophthalmol Retina. 2020;4(6):630-9.

Murad MH, Sultan S, Haffar S, Bazerbachi F. Methodological quality and synthesis of case series and case reports. BMJ Evid Based Med. 2018;23(2):60-3.

Wallace BC, Schmid CH, Lau J, Trikalinos TA. Meta-Analyst: software for meta-analysis of binary, continuous and diagnostic data. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2009;9(80.

Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003;327(7414):557-60.

Chen Q, Zhang B, Dong Y, Mo X, Zhang L, Xia J, et al. Evaluating primary intra-arterial chemotherapy versus intravenous plus intra-arterial chemotherapy for advanced intraocular retinoblastoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2020;85(4):723-30.

Wen X, Fan J, Jin M, Jiang H, Li J, Han M, et al. Intravenous versus super-selected intra-arterial chemotherapy in children with advanced unilateral retinoblastoma: an open-label, multicentre, randomised trial. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2023;7(9):613-20.

Liang T, Zhang X, Li J, Hua X, Zhao P, Ji X. Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy as Primary Treatment for Advanced Unilateral Retinoblastoma in China. Front Med. 2022;9:855661.

Qi D, Gang S, Shengli S, Yuebing L, Jing Z, Jing L, et al. Comparison of clinical outcomes of ophthalmic artery chemotherapy with systemic vein-eye artery chemotherapy for retinoblastoma in children. CEJO. 2022;40(11):1-6.

Othman MH, Hassan F, Ibrahim HM, Ahmed EA, Yassa G, Abdel-Rahman MS, et al. Ophthalmic artery chemosurgery for retinoblastoma: an initial 3-year experience from two major institutes in Egypt. Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med. 2020;51(1):79.

Munier FL, Mosimann P, Puccinelli F, Gaillard MC, Stathopoulos C, Houghton S, et al. First-line intra-arterial versus intravenous chemotherapy in unilateral sporadic group D retinoblastoma: evidence of better visual outcomes, ocular survival and shorter time to success with intra-arterial delivery from retrospective review of 20 years of treatment. Br J Ophthalmol. 2017;101(8):1086-93.

Tuncer S, Sencer S, Kebudi R, Tanyıldız B, Cebeci Z, Aydın K. Superselective intra-arterial chemotherapy in the primary management of advanced intra-ocular retinoblastoma: first 4-year experience from a single institution in Turkey. Acta Ophthalmol. 2016;94(7):e644-e51.

Batu Oto B, Sarıcı AM, Kızılkılıç O. Superselective intra-arterial chemotherapy treatment for retinoblastoma: clinical experience from a tertiary referral centre. Cancer J Ophthalmol. 2020;55(5):406-12.

Yannuzzi NA, Francis JH, Marr BP, Belinsky I, Dunkel IJ, Gobin YP, et al. Enucleation vs Ophthalmic Artery Chemosurgery for Advanced Intraocular Retinoblastoma: A Retrospective Analysis. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015;133(9):1062-6.

Yousef YA, Soliman SE, Astudillo PPP, Durairaj P, Dimaras H, Chan HSL, et al. Intra-arterial Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma: A Systematic Review. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016;134(5):584-91.

Naseripour M. "Retinoblastoma survival disparity": The expanding horizon in developing countries. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2012;26(2):157-61.

Kopelman JE, McLean IW, Rosenberg SH. Multivariate analysis of risk factors for metastasis in retinoblastoma treated by enucleation. Ophthalmol. 1987;94(4):371-7.

Lu JE, Francis JH, Dunkel IJ, Shields CL, Yu MD, Berry JL, et al. Metastases and death rates after primary enucleation of unilateral retinoblastoma in the USA 2007-2017. Br J Ophthalmol. 2019;103(9):1272-7.

Atchaneeyasakul LO, Wongsiwaroj C, Uiprasertkul M, Sanpakit K, Thephamongkhol K, Trinavarat A. Prognostic factors and treatment outcomes of retinoblastoma in pediatric patients: a single-institution study. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2009;53(1):35-9.

Sitorus RS, Moll AC, Suhardjono S, Simangunsong LS, Riono P, Imhof S, et al. The effect of therapy refusal against medical advice in retinoblastoma patients in a setting where treatment delays are common. Ophthalmic Genet. 2009;30(1):31-6.

Honavar SG, Singh AD, Shields CL, Meadows AT, Demirci H, Cater J, et al. Postenucleation Adjuvant Therapy in High-Risk Retinoblastoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120(7):923-31.

Abramson DH, Shields CL, Jabbour P, Teixeira LF, Fonseca JRF, Marques MCP, et al. Metastatic deaths in retinoblastoma patients treated with intraarterial chemotherapy (ophthalmic artery chemosurgery) worldwide. Int J Retina Vitreous. 2017;3:40.

Antoneli CBG, Steinhorst F, de Cássia Braga Ribeiro K, Novaes PERS, Chojniak MMM, Arias V, et al. Extraocular retinoblastoma: A 13-year experience. Cancer. 2003;98(6):1292-8.

Jubran RF, Erdreich-Epstein A, Butturini A, Murphree AL, Villablanca JG. Approaches to Treatment for Extraocular Retinoblastoma: Children's Hospital Los Angeles Experience. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2004;26(1):31-4.

Abou Chakra CN, Pariente A, Pinet M, Nkeng L, Moore N, Moride Y. Case series in drug safety: a review to determine characteristics and quality. Drug Saf. 2010;33(12):1081-8.

Agha RA, Fowler AJ, Rajmohan S, Barai I, Orgill DP. Preferred reporting of case series in surgery; the PROCESS guidelines. Int J Surg. 2016;36(Pt A):319-23.

Gagnier JJ, Kienle G, Altman DG, Moher D, Sox H, Riley D. The CARE guidelines: consensus-based clinical case reporting guideline development. BMJ Case Rep. 2013;2(5):38-43.