Nicotine Gum in Thai Smokers with Different CYP2A6 Enzymes: A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33192/smj.v76i8.267636Keywords:
population pharmacokinetics, nicotine chewing gum, Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6Abstract
Objective: Despite the popularity of nicotine gum in Thailand, population pharmacokinetics of nicotine gum in the Thai population has not been investigated. This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic (POPPK) model of nicotine and to quantify the effects of genetic and non-genetic factors to nicotine pharmacokinetics.
Materials and Methods: Secondary data collected from a previous clinical trial assessing cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) genotypes in Thai smokers was investigated. Eighteen participants who had received a single dose of 2 mg nicotine gum were included. Blood samples were collected before, at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 hours after nicotine administration. POPPK analysis was performed using nonlinear mixed effect modelling.
Results: One-compartment with 1st order elimination and absorption with 6-transit compartments best described the data. CYP2A6 enzyme activity was a significant covariate on the nicotine clearance. Apparent elimination clearance (CL/F) for a person with 100% CYP2A6 activity was 266.0 L/h. CL/F would be 36.0 L/h in a subject with 0% CYP2A6 activity. However, the impact of non-genetic factors (monthly alcohol consumption, Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence score and the number of cigarettes per day) on pharmacokinetics of nicotine were not found.
Conclusion: This first report on population pharmacokinetics of nicotine gum in Thai smokers provided the pharmacokinetic model and quantified CL/F for smokers with different CYP2A6 genotypes. A markedly lower exposure to nicotine in the Thai population compared to others highlights the need for more studies to ensure the efficacy of nicotine gum in the Thai population.
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