The effects of nine-square exercise on balance and cognitive function in older women
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Abstract
Background: Postural instability and impaired cognitive function are significant problems in older people. Presently, “the nine-square exercise” is popular among community-dwellers in Thailand. However, evidence of the benefits of the nine-square exercise on balance and cognitive function in older persons remains unclear.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of the nine-square exercise on balance and cognitive function in older women.
Methods: Participants were older women living in two communities of Chaiyaphum Province. One community was randomized to an experimental group (n=17); the other was a control group (n=17). The experimental group practiced nine-square exercise for 30 minutes/day, three days/week for five weeks, while the control group attended health education classes twice. At baseline and the end of the study, all participants were evaluated for balance and cognitive function using the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, respectively. Independent and paired t-tests were used to examine differences between groups and within group, respectively. The statistically significant level was set at p<0.05.
Results: When compared pre- and post-study, the experimental group significantly improved balance and cognitive function (p<0.05). When compared between groups, the experimental group showed significantly less time taken to complete the TUGT than did the control group (p<0.001, mean difference -2.29 seconds, 95% CI -3.17 to -1.42 seconds). No statistically significant difference between groups was found in the cognitive function (p=0.295).
Conclusion: Nine-square exercise could improve balance in older women. Therefore, this exercise is possibly an alternative exercise regimen for improving balance in the elderly.
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References
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