Appropriate Antibiotics for Upper Respiratory tract infection
Keywords:
ยาปฏิชีวนะ, ระบบทางเดินหายใจส่วนบนAbstract
Upper respiratory tract infection is common, We divide the sites of infection in order of frequency into pharyngitis, rhinosinusitis and otitis media. The pathogens found in order of frequency are virus and bacteria. This is a prospective descriptive study of 4 months starting from 6 February 2004 – 5 June 2004 to find the pathogens and their sensitivities to antibiotics. We collected 138 cases from the out patients of ENT Department at Chiangrai Hospital. The common bacterial pathogens in pharyngitis is streptococcus group A, in acute rhinosinusitis and otitis media is streptococcus pneumonia and haemophilus influenza and in chronic sinusitis and otitis media there are many type of bacteria including anaerobes. The rate of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is rising. The appropriate antibiotic for streptococcus group A is the beta-lactam group. S.pneumoniae and H.influenzae have rising rate of resistance to beta-lactam, erythromycin and cotrimoxazole.Therefore appropriate antibiotic for pharyngitis is beta-lactam group, as for the other sites of infection is high dose of amoxicillin or high dose of amoxycillin with clavulanic acid, 2nd หรือ 3rd generation cephalosporin, new macrolide, quinolone compound, In chronic sinusitis antibiotics as above should be use but should include antibiotics for anaerobes. In chronic otitis media antibiotic ear drop should be used.
References
CappelIetty D. Microbiology of bacterial respiratory tract infections. Pediat Infect Dis J 1998;17:55-61.
Gerber MA. Antibiotic resistance: relationship to persistence of group A streptococci in the upper respiratory tract. Pediatrics 1996;97:971-5.
Abramson M, Lachenbruch PA, press BHJ, et al. Result of conserve surgery for middle ear cholesteatoma. Laryngoscope 1977;87:1281-7.
Ballenger JJ. Acute infection of the nose and face. In : Ballenger JJ, eds. Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery. 15th edition. Philadelphia. A Waverly, com. 1996: 125-128.
Brisno AL. Practice guilines for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35: 113-25.
Vogan JC, Bolger WE, Keyers AS. Endoscopically guided sinonasal cultures: a direct comparison with maxillary sinus aspirate cultures. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000;122:370-3.
บุญช่วย เอี่ยมโภคลาภ. การทดสอบความไวของเชื้อแบคทีเรียต่อสารต้านจุลชีพ. ใน: บุญช่วย เอี่ยมโภคลาภ. : กองโรงพยาบาลภูมิภาค, 2542.9-14.
Kurien M, Sheelan S, Jeyaseelan L. et al. Fine needle aspiration in chronic tonsillitis:reliable and valid diasnostic test. J Larygol otol 2003; 117:973-5.
Markowitz M, Gerber MA, Kaplan EL. Treatment of Streptococcal pharygotonsillitis; report of penicillins demise are premature. J Pediatr 1993;123:679-85.
Brook I. Bacteriology of acute and chronic frontal sinusitis. Acrh otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002:128:583-5.
Brook I. Bacteriology of acute and chronic sphenoid sinusitis. Ann Otol Rhinal Laryngol 2002;111 :1002-4.
Hamory BH, Sande MA, Sydnor A Jr. et al. Etiology and antimicrobial therapy of acute maxillary inusitis. J Infect Dis 1979; 139:197-202.
สุภาวดี ประคุณหิงสิต, มาลัย วรจิตร. การรักษาโพรงกระดูกแมกซิลลาเป็นหนองโดยการชะล้างด้วยน้ำเกลือเปรียบเทียบกับการใช้ยาปฏิชีวนะ. นามาธิบดีเวชาร 2528;8:85-90.
สุภาวดี ประคุณหิงสิต, ฉัตรชัย บุญเฉิด, สุรพล ซื่อตรง. เชื้อแบคทีเรียที่เป็นต้นเหตุในการอักเสบเฉียบพลันของโพรงอากาศข้างจมูก ณ โรงพยาบาลรามาธิบดี. รามาธิบดีเวชสาร 2536 ;16:323-9.
Wald ER, Guerra N, Byers C. Upper respiratory tract infections in young children: duration of and requency of complications.Pedriatrics 1991 ;87:129-33.
Erkan M and others: Bacteriology of chronic supperative otitis media. Ann Otol Rhinal Laryngol 1994;103:14-24.
Van Buchem FL, Dunk JHM, Van't Hof MA. Therapy of acute otitis media : my- ringotomy, antibiotic or neither? A double blind study in children. Lancet 1981 ;2:883-7.
Finegold SM, Fylnn MJ, Rose FV, et al. Bacteriologic finding associated with chronic bacterial maxillary sinusitis in adults. Clin Infect Dis 2002;35:428-33.
Brook I. Bacteriology of acute and chronic ethmoid sinusitis (abstract #D-138). In: Abstracts of the 103 General meeting of the American society for Medical Microbiology(ASM). Washington (DC): 2003.
Fung Tome JC, Huczko E, Stinkle T, et al. Antimicrobial activity of cefprozil compared with those of 13 oral cephems and 3 macrolides. Antimicrob Agent Chimother 1995;39:533-8.
Lund VJ, Kennedy DW. Staging for sinusitis. Otolaryngol Head and Neck Surg 1997:117(3):35-40.
ปทุมพิศ วิมลวัตรเวที.การเก็บวัตถุส่งตรวจหาเชื้อแบคทีเรีย. ใน: บุญช่วย เอี่ยมโภคลาภ. บรรณาธิการ.คู่มือการปฏิบัติงานแบคทีเรียสำหรับโรงพยาบาลศูนย์และโรงพยาบาลทั่วไป.กรุงเทพมหานคร: กองโรคพยาบาลภูมิภาค, 2542.9-14.
Felmingham D, Feldman C, Hryniwicz W, et al. Surveilance of resistance in bacteria causing community-acquired respiratory tract infection. Clin Microbial Infect 2002;8(suppl 2):12-12.
Thornsberry C, Sahm DF, Kelly LJ, et al. Regional trends in antimicrobial resistance surveillance among clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influensae, and Moraxella catarrharis in the United States: result from the TRUST Surveillance Program, 1999-2000. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;34 (suppl 1 ):il-24.
JeJiaszewicz J, Mly narczyk G, Nlynarczyk A. Present and future problems of resistant for resistant in gram positive cocci. Infection. Infection 1998;26: 1-6.
Dominguez MA, Pal lares R. cntibiotic resistance in respiratory pathogens. Curr Opin pulm Med 1998;4: 173-9.
Brook I. Microbiology and antimicrobial manangment of sinusitis. Otolaryngol Clin N Am 2004;37:253-66.
Powel M, McVey D, Kassim MH, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Steptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus infilenza and Moraxella (Branhamella) catarharis isolated in the
UK from sputum. J Antimicrob chemother 1991 ;28:249-59 .
Livermoor DM, Beta-lactamase inlaboratory and clinical resistance, clin Microbial Rev 1995;8:557-84.
Sahm DF, Jones ME, Hickley ML, Diakun DR, Mani SV, Thornsberry C. Resistance surveillance of Steptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus infilenzae and Moraxella catarharis islated in Asia and Erope 1997-1998. J Antimicrob chemother 2000;45:457-66.
Orden B, perez Trallero E, Montes M, et al. Erythromycim resistance of streptococcus pyogen in Madrid. Prediatr Infect Dis J 1998;17:470-3.
Spanger SK, Jacobs MR, Pankuch GA, et al. Susceptibility of 170 penicillin-sus ceptible and-resistant Pneucocci to six oral cephalosporins, four Quinolones, dedsacetylcefotaxime, Ro 23-9424 and RP67829. J Antimicrob Chemother 1993;31 :273-80.
JeiJaszewicz J, Mlynarczyk G, Nlynarczyk A. Current threats of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Blok Operracyjny 1998;3-4:49-55.
Bootsma GH, Aerts PC. Posthuma G, et al. Morexella(Brahamella ) catarrhalis BRO beta-lactamase: a lipoprotein of Gramposrtive origin? Bacterial 1991 ; 181 :5090-3.
Fairbank DNF. Microbilogy, Infection and Antibiotic therapy. In: Bailey BJ , eds. Head and Neck Surgery Otolaryngology. 3rd edition. Philadelphia. A Wolter Kluwer, Com. 2001: 47-54.
Erbelding EJ, Rompalo AM. Current Concept in Antibiotic therapy. In :Commings CW, eds. Otolyngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 3rd edition. St.Louis. Mosbyyear Book, Inc. 1998: 102-7.
Clinical practice guidelines. Management of sinusitis. Pedriatics 2001 ;1 08:798-807.
Gerber MA. Antibiotic resistance: relationship to persistence of group A streptococci in the upper respiratory tract. Pediatrics 1996;97:971-5.
Abramson M, Lachenbruch PA, press BHJ, et al. Result of conserve surgery for middle ear cholesteatoma. Laryngoscope 1977;87:1281-7.
Ballenger JJ. Acute infection of the nose and face. In : Ballenger JJ, eds. Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery. 15th edition. Philadelphia. A Waverly, com. 1996: 125-128.
Brisno AL. Practice guilines for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35: 113-25.
Vogan JC, Bolger WE, Keyers AS. Endoscopically guided sinonasal cultures: a direct comparison with maxillary sinus aspirate cultures. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000;122:370-3.
บุญช่วย เอี่ยมโภคลาภ. การทดสอบความไวของเชื้อแบคทีเรียต่อสารต้านจุลชีพ. ใน: บุญช่วย เอี่ยมโภคลาภ. : กองโรงพยาบาลภูมิภาค, 2542.9-14.
Kurien M, Sheelan S, Jeyaseelan L. et al. Fine needle aspiration in chronic tonsillitis:reliable and valid diasnostic test. J Larygol otol 2003; 117:973-5.
Markowitz M, Gerber MA, Kaplan EL. Treatment of Streptococcal pharygotonsillitis; report of penicillins demise are premature. J Pediatr 1993;123:679-85.
Brook I. Bacteriology of acute and chronic frontal sinusitis. Acrh otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002:128:583-5.
Brook I. Bacteriology of acute and chronic sphenoid sinusitis. Ann Otol Rhinal Laryngol 2002;111 :1002-4.
Hamory BH, Sande MA, Sydnor A Jr. et al. Etiology and antimicrobial therapy of acute maxillary inusitis. J Infect Dis 1979; 139:197-202.
สุภาวดี ประคุณหิงสิต, มาลัย วรจิตร. การรักษาโพรงกระดูกแมกซิลลาเป็นหนองโดยการชะล้างด้วยน้ำเกลือเปรียบเทียบกับการใช้ยาปฏิชีวนะ. นามาธิบดีเวชาร 2528;8:85-90.
สุภาวดี ประคุณหิงสิต, ฉัตรชัย บุญเฉิด, สุรพล ซื่อตรง. เชื้อแบคทีเรียที่เป็นต้นเหตุในการอักเสบเฉียบพลันของโพรงอากาศข้างจมูก ณ โรงพยาบาลรามาธิบดี. รามาธิบดีเวชสาร 2536 ;16:323-9.
Wald ER, Guerra N, Byers C. Upper respiratory tract infections in young children: duration of and requency of complications.Pedriatrics 1991 ;87:129-33.
Erkan M and others: Bacteriology of chronic supperative otitis media. Ann Otol Rhinal Laryngol 1994;103:14-24.
Van Buchem FL, Dunk JHM, Van't Hof MA. Therapy of acute otitis media : my- ringotomy, antibiotic or neither? A double blind study in children. Lancet 1981 ;2:883-7.
Finegold SM, Fylnn MJ, Rose FV, et al. Bacteriologic finding associated with chronic bacterial maxillary sinusitis in adults. Clin Infect Dis 2002;35:428-33.
Brook I. Bacteriology of acute and chronic ethmoid sinusitis (abstract #D-138). In: Abstracts of the 103 General meeting of the American society for Medical Microbiology(ASM). Washington (DC): 2003.
Fung Tome JC, Huczko E, Stinkle T, et al. Antimicrobial activity of cefprozil compared with those of 13 oral cephems and 3 macrolides. Antimicrob Agent Chimother 1995;39:533-8.
Lund VJ, Kennedy DW. Staging for sinusitis. Otolaryngol Head and Neck Surg 1997:117(3):35-40.
ปทุมพิศ วิมลวัตรเวที.การเก็บวัตถุส่งตรวจหาเชื้อแบคทีเรีย. ใน: บุญช่วย เอี่ยมโภคลาภ. บรรณาธิการ.คู่มือการปฏิบัติงานแบคทีเรียสำหรับโรงพยาบาลศูนย์และโรงพยาบาลทั่วไป.กรุงเทพมหานคร: กองโรคพยาบาลภูมิภาค, 2542.9-14.
Felmingham D, Feldman C, Hryniwicz W, et al. Surveilance of resistance in bacteria causing community-acquired respiratory tract infection. Clin Microbial Infect 2002;8(suppl 2):12-12.
Thornsberry C, Sahm DF, Kelly LJ, et al. Regional trends in antimicrobial resistance surveillance among clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influensae, and Moraxella catarrharis in the United States: result from the TRUST Surveillance Program, 1999-2000. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;34 (suppl 1 ):il-24.
JeJiaszewicz J, Mly narczyk G, Nlynarczyk A. Present and future problems of resistant for resistant in gram positive cocci. Infection. Infection 1998;26: 1-6.
Dominguez MA, Pal lares R. cntibiotic resistance in respiratory pathogens. Curr Opin pulm Med 1998;4: 173-9.
Brook I. Microbiology and antimicrobial manangment of sinusitis. Otolaryngol Clin N Am 2004;37:253-66.
Powel M, McVey D, Kassim MH, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Steptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus infilenza and Moraxella (Branhamella) catarharis isolated in the
UK from sputum. J Antimicrob chemother 1991 ;28:249-59 .
Livermoor DM, Beta-lactamase inlaboratory and clinical resistance, clin Microbial Rev 1995;8:557-84.
Sahm DF, Jones ME, Hickley ML, Diakun DR, Mani SV, Thornsberry C. Resistance surveillance of Steptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus infilenzae and Moraxella catarharis islated in Asia and Erope 1997-1998. J Antimicrob chemother 2000;45:457-66.
Orden B, perez Trallero E, Montes M, et al. Erythromycim resistance of streptococcus pyogen in Madrid. Prediatr Infect Dis J 1998;17:470-3.
Spanger SK, Jacobs MR, Pankuch GA, et al. Susceptibility of 170 penicillin-sus ceptible and-resistant Pneucocci to six oral cephalosporins, four Quinolones, dedsacetylcefotaxime, Ro 23-9424 and RP67829. J Antimicrob Chemother 1993;31 :273-80.
JeiJaszewicz J, Mlynarczyk G, Nlynarczyk A. Current threats of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Blok Operracyjny 1998;3-4:49-55.
Bootsma GH, Aerts PC. Posthuma G, et al. Morexella(Brahamella ) catarrhalis BRO beta-lactamase: a lipoprotein of Gramposrtive origin? Bacterial 1991 ; 181 :5090-3.
Fairbank DNF. Microbilogy, Infection and Antibiotic therapy. In: Bailey BJ , eds. Head and Neck Surgery Otolaryngology. 3rd edition. Philadelphia. A Wolter Kluwer, Com. 2001: 47-54.
Erbelding EJ, Rompalo AM. Current Concept in Antibiotic therapy. In :Commings CW, eds. Otolyngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 3rd edition. St.Louis. Mosbyyear Book, Inc. 1998: 102-7.
Clinical practice guidelines. Management of sinusitis. Pedriatics 2001 ;1 08:798-807.
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2019-08-09
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