Effectiveness of topical compounding formulating ; thymol solution to treat nail inflammation
Keywords:
Thymol, Nail inflammation, Onychomycosis, Paronychia, OnycholysisAbstract
Introduction : Nail inflammation is a sigh of skin that represent the patient health status. In order to have more alternative medicine for treatment, the pharmaceutical compounding division has to formulate topical compounding solution.
Objectives : To formulate, study stability and follow up the clinical outcome of a topical thymol solution.
Methods : Mixed method research was divided into 2 phases. Phase 1 was an experimental research to formulated and studied stability of thymol solution. Phase 2 was a descriptive research to followed up clinical outcome of thymol solution. The sample group were Mahasarakham hospital outpatients who received thymol solution for treatment of nail inflammation between 1 October 2018-31 December 2019.
Results : Phase 1 The formula was 3% thymol in 95% ethyl alcohol solution that was stable up to 6 months when stored at room temperature. The percent thymol concentration remained between 90-110% LA. Microbial and fungi growth were not observed on blood agar and sabouraud dextrose agar. Solution remained clear and colorless. Phase 2 Clinical outcome of thymol solution used, onychomycosis gave 60% cured and 40% clinical improved, paronychia gave 75% cured and 25% treatment failure, onycholysis gave each 50% cured and clinical improved.
Conclusion : 3% thymol in 95% ethyl alcohol solution met USP40 specification and was stable up to 6 months when stored at room temperature. And provided clinical effectiveness in nail inflammation treatment according to the treatment guidelines.
References
Salehi B, Mishra AP, Shukla I, Rad MS, Contreras MM, Carretero AS, et al. Thymol, thyme, and other plant sources: health and potential use. Phytotherapy research 2018; doi: 10.1002/ptr.6109.
Rowe RC, Sheskey P, Quinn ME. Handbook of pharmaceutical excipients. 6th ed. Italy: Data Standard; 2009.
Habif TP. Clinical dermatology. 6 th ed. China: R.R Donnelly; 2016.
Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL, Rapini RP. Dermatology. 2 nd ed. Spain: Elsevier; 2008.
Piraccini BM, Iorizzo M, Antonucci A, Tosti A. Treatment of nail disorders. Future drugs ltd [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2020 March 03]. Available from : https://www.openaccessjournals.com/articles/pharmacotherapy-of-constipation-in-children.pdf
Olaizola C, Perez C, Essayag SM, Hartung C, Collela MT, Magaldi S. et al. Experience with thymol in chloroform solution for the treatment of paronychia. Mycopathologia [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2020 May 05]; 159: 209-11. Available from : https://www.academia.edu/23894791/Experience_with_thymol_in_chloroform_solution_for_the_treatment_of_paronychia
Tosti A, Thiers BH. Nail disorders : practical tips for diagnosis and treatment. New York: Elsevier; 2015.
Rubin AI, Jellinek NJ, Daniel lll CR, Scher RK. Scher and Daniel’s nails. 4th ed. Cham: Springer International Publishing AG; 2018.
Daniel lll CR, Ioizzo M, Piraccini BM, Tosti A. Simple onycholysis [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2020 March 13]; Available from : https://mdedge-files-live.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/ files/s3fs-public/Document/September-2017/087050226.pdf
Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchret BA, Paller AS, Leffell DJ, Wilff K. Fitzpatrick’s dermatology in general medicine. 8th ed. United States of America,The McGraw-Hill; 2012.
Uspnf.com [Internet]. <795> Pharmaceutical compounding – nonsterile preparations; [Revision bulletin official 2014 January 1; cited 2020 March 03] Available from : https://www.uspnf.com/sites/default/files/usp_pdf/EN/USPNF/revisions/gc795.pdf
Usp.org [Internet]. <1111> Microbiological examination of nonsterile products: acceptance criteria for pharmaceutical preparations and substances for pharmaceutical use; 33(2) [Revision announcement 2016 November 21; cited 2020 March 10]. Available from: https://www.usp.org/sites/default/files/usp/document/harmonization/gen-method/q05c_pf_ira_33_2_2007.pdf.
Usp.org [Internet]. <61> Microbiological examination of nonsterile products: microbial enumeration test; 34(6) [Revision announcement 2016 November 21; cited 2020 March 10]. Available from: https://www.usp.org/sites/default/files/usp/document/harmonization/gen-method/q05b_pf_ira_34_6_2008.pdf.
Usp.org [Internet]. <62> Microbiological examination of nonsterile products : test for specified microorganisms; 34(6) [Revision announcement 2016 November 21; cited 2020 March 10]. Available from: https://www.usp.org/sites/default/files/usp/document/harmonization/gen-method/q05a_pf_ira_34_6_2008.pdf.
Halteh P, Scher RK, Lipner SR. Over the counter and natural remedies for onychomycosis: Do they really work? [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2020 March 15]; Available from: https://mdedge-files-live.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/files/s3fs-public/CT098011016_e_0.PDF.
Derby R, Robal P, Jackson C, Beutler A, Olsen C. Novel treatment of onychomycosis over the counter mentholated ointment: a clinical case series. J am board fam med 2011; Doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2011.01.100124.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
วารสารนี้เป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของโรงพยาบาลมหาสารคาม
