Thao-en On(Cryptolepis buchanani Roem. & Schult) the herbal medicine for osteoarthritis

Abstract

          Thao-en On (Cryptolepis buchanani Roem. & Schult) is widely used in folk medicine in Southeast Asia for treating muscle tension and arthritis. This study aims to inform academic information in the case of the complete development of this herbal medicine. By searching the academic database in the term of Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Preclinical and Clinical study. A preclinical study demonstrates that Crptolepis buchanani extract significantly reduced acetic acid-induced writhing response. It also inhibited edema formation in both EPP-induced ear edema and carrageenan-induced paw edema models. In cartilage explant culture, Crptolepis buchanani extract significantly reduced the sulfated glycosaminoglycan and hyaluronan released into culture media while it reserved the uronic acid and collagen within the cartilage tissues. It also suppressed the matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity with no effect on cell viability. A clinical study Crptolepis buchanani oil demonstrates comparable to 1% indomethacin solution in a four-week treatment of patients with mild to moderate osteoarthritis of the knee. In conclusion, Crptolepis buchanani extract shows analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and chondroprotective effects, Crptolepis buchanani oil was effective as an indomethacin solution for the symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Crptolepis buchanani oral solution in the Koklan Mixture Formula 3 showed efficient and safe for the treatment of primary knee osteoarthritis by Oxford Knee Score evaluation and no differences statistically significant when compared with diclofenac tablet.