Obstetrical and Neonatal outcomes in maternal exposure to methamphetamine during pregnancy
Keywords:
Methamphetamine, pregnancy, complicationsAbstract
Introduction : Prevalence of methamphetamine abuse during pregnancy was increasing. Maternal and neonatal outcomes of methamphetamine abuse were currently limited.
Objective : To investigate the maternal and neonatal outcomes of methamphetamine abusing pregnant women.
Methods : This was historical cohort study that conducted at Kuchinarai Crown Prince Hospital, Kalasin, Thailand between October 2019 and January 2021. Parturient who had positive and negative test for methamphetamine in urine were classified as study and control group, respectively. Demographic characters, maternal and neonatal outcomes of both groups were obtained from medical records and analyzed.
Results : A total 236 pregnant women who met inclusion criteria were recruited into the study. Study and control groups consisted of 59 and 177 cases, respectively. Demographic characters of both groups were comparable.Cases in study group had body mass index (BMI), antenatal care (ANC) visit, mean gestational age and hematocrit level significantly less than control group (24.3 vs 27.3 kg/m2, 5.8 vs 10.8 visit, 37.3 vs 38.3 weeks and 35.0 vs 37.5%, respectively).Preterm labor and preeclampsia rate of study group were higher than control group with statistical significance (OR 0.04; 95%CI, 0.04-0.16 and OR 0.42; 95%CI, 0.005-0.35). Newborn from study group had average birth weight and body temperature lower than control group with statistical significance (2,772/3,081 grams and 36.7/37.0 degree Celsius). Newborn in study group had significantly more hospital stay than control group (7.5/3.0 days). APGAR score at 1 minute, mode of delivery and postpartum hemorrhage of both groups also had no significantly different.
Conclusion : Methamphetamine use during pregnancy increased both maternal and neonatal complications in terms of low maternal weight, preterm birth, preeclampsia, maternal anemia, low birth weight, low neonatal body temperature and long hospital stay.
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