Effects of Enhance Self-Efficacy Combined with Social Support Program on Self-Care Behavior Before and After Cataract Surgery in Elderly Patients for Local Anesthetic Injection at Maha Sarakham Hospital.

Abstract

Objective : The objective of this research was to compare the self-efficacy enhancement combined with a social support program between standard nursing care regarding self-care behaviors before and after cataract surgery in elderly patients with local anesthetic injection at Maha Sarakham Hospital before and after the study.

Methods : A quasi-experimental study was conducted using purposive sampling to select participants of 50 elderly patients. They were divided into two groups: the control group received standard nursing care through 3 activities, the experimental group received a self-efficacy enhancement combined with social support program through 4 activities, and both groups were assessed before and after surgery, with a follow-up appointment after one week. The tools used in the research included; 1) self-efficacy enhancement combined with social support program 2) preoperative self-care behaviors assessment questionnaire consisting of 10 questions and 3) postoperative self-care behaviors assessment questionnaire consisting of 27 questions, which pre-post assessment questionnaire also had content validity with a consistency index ranging 0.9 and 0.8, Cronbach's Alpha 0.715 and 0.733. The statistical methods used for data analysis included mean, standard deviation, and the t test.

Result : The research findings were as follows: 1) Preoperative self-care behaviors in elderly patients also showed statistically significant differences in self-care behaviors in terms of psychological, physical, social, and economic aspects between groups before the surgery, with a significance level of p-value<0.05. 2) Postoperative self-care behaviors in elderly patients also showed statistically significant differences in self-care behaviors in terms of psychological, physical, social, and economic aspects between groups after the surgery, with a significance level of p-value<0.05.

Conclusion : A self-efficacy enhancement combined with social support program effectively improves self-care behaviors. This program serves as a viable service option for elderly patients after cataract surgery with local anesthesia.