Prevalence and Risk Factors of Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study at Non Sung Hospital

Abstract

Objective : This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of complications among patients with T2DM and to examine the association between HbA1c levels and other clinical factors associated with the development of complications in patients at Non Sung Hospital,
Nakhon Ratchasima Province.

Methods : This retrospective cohort study included 146 patients with type 2 diabetes who visited and followed up at Non Sung Hospital, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, between 2014 and 2023. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis.

Result : A total of 30 patients (20.5%) developed diabetes-related complications. The most common complication was diabetic nephropathy (50.0%), followed by diabetic retinopathy (43.3%), diabetic foot ulcers (10.0%), and peripheral neuropathy (10.0%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified several factors significantly associated with complications: lower diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (Adjusted OR = 0.87), higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (Adjusted OR = 1.02), lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (Adjusted OR = 0.89),
and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (Adjusted OR = 0.94).

Conclusion : The occurrence of complications in patients with T2DM was significantly associated with elevated fasting plasma glucose, decreased HDL levels, lower DBP, and impaired kidney function as measured by eGFR. These findings highlight the importance of regular monitoring and effective management of these risk factors to prevent complications and mitigate long-term adverse outcomes