Knowledge, Attitudes, Experiences, and Obstacles in Conducting Clinical Research among Professional Nurses at the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University

Abstract

Introduction Mahidol University has established its vision as a research-intensive institution, developing policies and strategies to foster high-quality research and to develop effective support systems. Current data indicate that within the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, professional nurses constitute as much as 89.4% of the support staff. However, only a small proportion of these nurses have initiated or participated in research projects, which in turn limits their opportunities for advancement within professional development. Furthermore, evidence from studies conducted both in Thailand and internationally highlights similar challenges in nursing research: insufficient time due to heavy workloads, limited research skills and knowledge, lack of proficiency in English, and inadequate access to funding sources. These barriers underscore the need for foundational studies to inform strategic planning aimed at strengthening nurses’ research capacity. Such efforts are essential not only to achieve the university’s research goals but also to elevate the overall quality of nursing practice.

Objective This study aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes, experiences, and obstacles related to clinical research among professional nurses at the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital. The conceptual framework was developed through a comprehensive review of the literature.

Design This study employed an observational study. 

Methodology The sample consisted of professional nurses who had been employed for at least one year at the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University. A total of 283 participants were recruited between July 1 and December 31, 2023. Stratified proportional sampling was applied, based on the characteristics of the departments and units in which the nurses worked, as well as their length of service. Participants were categorized into three groups: group 1 included nurses with 1 to 10 years of experience (50% of the sample); group 2 comprised those with more than 10 but not exceeding 20 years of experience (25%); and group 3 consisted of nurses with more than 20 years of experience (25%). The sample size was determined using an estimated prevalence of 10–50%, with a margin of error of 10%, and a minimum response rate of 60%, yielding a final sample of 300 participants. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire developed by the researchers based on a literature review. The questionnaire comprised four parts: (1) demographic and background information, (2) knowledge of clinical research, (3) attitudes toward clinical research, and (4) experiences and obstacles to conducting research. The instrument was validated by experts in epidemiology. Data collection was conducted between July 1 and December 31, 2023, through self-administered questionnaires. 

Results The response rate was 94.3%. The participants had a mean age (M) of 35.51 years with a standard deviation (SD) of 9.35. The majority were female (95.8%), held staff nurse positions (90.5%), and had graduated from Mahidol University (90.8%). Overall, the participants demonstrated overall knowledge in clinical research, with a mean score of 8.65 (SD 2.10), equivalent to 57.7%. Regarding knowledge subscales, knowledge of research methodology accounted for 36.7% (M 2.57, SD 1.29), while knowledge of clinical research ethics accounted for 76.0% (M 6.08, SD 1.37). Regarding interest in research, 59.4% expressed a desire to pursue further training. However, 50.9% had never attended training in research ethics or Good Clinical Practice (GCP), and 48.1% were aware of training opportunities offered by their institution. In terms of attitudes toward clinical research, most participants agreed or strongly agreed with Mahidol University’s research vision, recognizing research as a means to advance new medical knowledge. Conversely, the majority disagreed with the notion that research benefits only the researchers or poses harm to patients. With respect to research experience, 47.7% of participants reported having previously participated in research projects. The principal barriers identified included lack of research experience (75.6%), insufficient time due to heavy workloads (74.6%), and inadequate support teams (44.5%). 

Recommendation The findings of this study suggest several recommendations for planning initiatives to strengthen nurses’ research capacity. Priority should be given to enhancing knowledge, particularly in research methodology, as most nurses lack prior research experience. Strategies to reduce barriers should include establishing structured mentorship and consultation programs with experienced researchers, ensuring accessible funding opportunities, and fostering motivation to engage in research activities. Furthermore, incorporating research training and practical experience into undergraduate nursing education should be considered, thereby equipping future nurses with foundational competencies that support the university’s research vision and contribute to the advancement of nursing practice.