• Informed Consent

Authors must ensure that informed consent is obtained from all participants before enrolling them in the study. Participants should be provided with comprehensive information regarding the study’s objectives, procedures, potential risks and benefits, and the voluntary nature of participation, enabling them to make an informed decision.

• Beneficence and Non-Maleficence

Authors must prioritize the welfare, rights, and safety of participants throughout the research process. Potential risks should be minimized and justified by the anticipated benefits of the study, in accordance with established ethical principles.

• Privacy and Confidentiality

Authors must safeguard participants’ privacy and maintain the confidentiality of personal and research data. Appropriate measures should be implemented during data collection, storage, analysis, and publication to ensure anonymity and protect sensitive information.

• Ethics Committee Approval

Research involving human participants must receive approval from an appropriately constituted Institutional Review Board (IRB) or Ethics Committee before study initiation. Authors must report in the manuscript the name of the approving committee, approval number (or reference ID), and the date of approval.

• Data Management and Reporting

Authors are responsible for the accurate, transparent, and ethical management of research data. Findings should be reported honestly and objectively, without fabrication, falsification, or selective reporting, while maintaining the confidentiality of participant information.