The Royal College of Anesthesiologists of Thailand established the Thai Journal of Anesthesiology as its official academic journal to promote the advancement of anesthesiology, perioperative medicine, critical care, and pain medicine in Thailand. The journal serves as a scholarly platform for anesthesiologists, physicians, researchers, and healthcare professionals to disseminate scientific knowledge, research findings, clinical experiences, and academic developments relevant to anesthesiology and related disciplines.

The Thai Society of Anesthesiologists was established in 1970. During the presidency of Professor Salard Tupavong, the Society launched its first official journal, Wisanyee (Anesthesia), as described in the introduction of Volume 1. Although the publication did not specify its exact publication date, it is estimated to have been published in 1973. Only a single issue was produced under this title before the journal was renamed Wisanyeesar (The Thai Journal of Anesthesiology).

Over the subsequent 35 years, The Thai Journal of Anesthesiology underwent continuous development under the leadership of 10 editors. A major modernization effort began in 2010 (Volume 36), when the journal established an online archive on the website of the Royal College of Anesthesiologists of Thailand, improving accessibility for members. In 2013, the journal joined the Thai Journal Online (ThaiJO) platform, enabling article and author searches through the Thai Journal Citation Index (TCI) system and increasing its national and international visibility. The journal was classified in TCI Group 2 during 2013–2015, advanced to TCI Group 1 in 2016, and was subsequently indexed in the ASEAN Citation Index (ACI) in 2017, marking significant milestones in its development toward international standards.