The Thai Journal of Anesthesiology acknowledges the increasing utility of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technologies in facilitating manuscript preparation. While the journal permits the ethical use of these tools, their application must be transparent, responsible, and strictly aligned with established principles of research integrity and publication ethics. Authors maintain absolute accountability for the entirety of the content submitted to the journal.

1. Scope of Permitted Use

The application of generative AI tools is strictly confined to the manuscript writing phase.

• Permitted Applications: Authors may utilize these technologies solely to enhance language quality, grammar, readability, and the overall clarity of the presentation.
• Prohibited Applications: This guideline does not extend to the research phase. AI tools must not be deployed for data generation, manipulation, interpretation, or analysis. Any use that compromises scientific integrity or circumvents rigorous human oversight and validation is strictly prohibited.

2. Author Responsibility and Accountability

Authors bear sole and unshared responsibility for the accuracy, integrity, and originality of all content within their manuscript, including any text generated or modified via AI utilities.

• Critical Evaluation: Authors are required to meticulously review, verify, and revise all AI-generated outputs before submission.
• Risk Mitigation: It is the authors' duty to identify and correct potential flaws inherent to generative AI, such as superficially authoritative but factually incorrect text, incomplete information, fabricated references, or underlying biases.

3. Authorship and Citation Criteria

Generative AI tools and technologies do not possess the capacity to fulfill the intellectual contributions and rigorous accountabilities fundamental to human authorship.

• Authorship Status: AI tools fail to meet established authorship criteria and must not be listed as authors or co-authors.
• Bibliographic Referencing: AI utilities must not be cited as primary scholarly sources or included in the reference section. Authors remain responsible for verifying and citing the original, authentic sources of all data and information presented.

4. Mandatory Disclosure Requirements

Transparency is paramount. Authors must explicitly disclose the deployment of generative AI tools within their manuscript.

The disclosure must comprehensively specify:

• Whether generative AI or AI-assisted technologies were employed.
• The specific AI tool(s) and platform(s) used.
• The precise purpose, scope, and extent of their application.
• A formal affirmation that the authors have critically reviewed the output and accept full accountability for the resulting content.

Submission Format: This disclosure must be positioned at the conclusion of the main text, immediately preceding the references section, under the standardized heading: “Declaration of Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies in the Writing Process.”