Development of the Tablet Bacterial Larvicide Formulation and the Effectiveness against Thai-border Population Strains of the Mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus
Keywords:
Bacillus thuringiensis var. Israelensis (Bti), Bacillus sphaericus (Bsph), Temephos, Cx. quinquefasciatus, GIS mapAbstract
Bacterial larvicides have been used for vector control according to the problems of insecticide resistance and environmental residual effect. Available larvicides Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) and Bacillus sphaericus (Bsph) are expensive and some of them are not effective enough to control mosquito larvae. This study was carried out to produce tablet Bti which was extended from the previous study on the production of powder Bti. The preliminary trials for effectiveness of the tablet Bti were performed for the potency and simulated field residual effect against standard strain Aedes aegypti larvae. Then the tablet Bti was evaluated for the resistance of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae which was collected from 27 provinces located at 3 Thai borders along Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia. The results showed that the tablet Bti has potency 2,150 ITU/mg product and covered 28-day residual in simulated field conditions. The resistance of mosquitoes from the 3 areas to tablet Bti were 0.36-1.21, 0.72-1.20 and 0.92-1.39 fold, respectively when compared to standard strain of mosquito. In order to obtain the adequate data on larvicide using for public health mosquito control program, the tests were run in parallel to the field strain of Culex mosquito to the initial powder Bsph produced in the same laboratory and commercial temephos. It was found that the mosquitoes from the 3 borders showed the RR to Bsph at 0.87-2.66, 1.99-3.17 and 3.50-7.03, and to temephos at 0.47-3.01, 1.04-1.86 and 1.07-2.45 fold, respectively. These initiated data were presented as the GIS map construction.
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