Development of Analytical Method for Sulfonamides residue in Animal tissues and Liver by HPLC Technique

Abstract

       Sulfonamides (SAs) are antimicrobial drugs extensively prescribed for bacteriostatic infections in humans and animals and widely used in livestock production. Thus, any misuse or lack of adherence to withdrawal time may result in the presence of tissue residues. Drug residues in food products are of concern to consumers because they may compromise the human immune system causing an allergic reaction or contributing to the development of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacterial strains. The study for validation of an analytical method of 9 SAs including sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfathiazole (STZ), sulfapyridine (SPY), sulfamerazine (SMR), sulfadimidine (SMZ), sulfamonomethoxine (SMMX), sulfisoxazole (SFI), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and sulfaquinoxaline (SQ) in animal tissue and liver was conducted and developed by using pork as a representative matrix. This, SAs was extracted from sample with 80% ethanol and proceeded to specific of sulfonamides affinity column. SAs was detected and quantitatively determination by HPLC-UV detector. The method validation data were accepted and fitted-for-purpose. As a result of method validation, limit of detection was defined as 30 μg/kg and limit of quantitation was 50 μg/kg The linear working range was 50 - 500 μg/kg with the Pearson correlation of coefficient (r) more than 0.990. The accuracy and the precision as 2 levels by 10 duplicate analyst. Accuracy of the method was found to be in acceptable ranges of 61 - 106 and % precision shown is 2.5 - 15.0%. The results of participated in Proficiency Testing scheme performed by various PT providers were satisfying (|z| < 2). The performance of developed method for determination of 9 SAs residue in animal and product was found to be satisfactory to meet with legal requirement for quality in food industry. The survey research on Sulfonamides abuse from 368 samples of edible animal and product, sold in markets in Bangkok and private sector was conducted during 2011 - 2015. The results showed that 25 samples (6.5%) including sulfisoxazole sulfadiazine sulfathiazole sulfamethoxazole sulfadimidine and sulfaquinoxaline. The level found was from less than 50 to 1,027 μg/kg