A Study of the Migration of Bisphenol A, Phenol and P-tert-Butylphenol from Polycarbonate Child Utensils under Various Conditions
Keywords:
bisphenol A, phenol, p-tert-butylphenol, PC child utensil, migration, HPLCAbstract
Bisphenol A belongs to a group of endocrine disruptors with potential adverse effects on the reproductive system, development and growth was observed in exposed experimental animals. Due to the use of bisphenol A as a base substance in the manufacture of polycarbonate (PC), consumers are concerned about the health impacts of its migration. This study was conducted to observe the migration of bisphenol A, phenol and p-tert-butylphenol from PC child utensils. Furthermore, the migration was performed under various conditions that reflected realistic conditions of use. During the year 2011, a total of 32 child utensils with a focus on PC were collected in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces. Migration tests were conducted at 95C for 30 minutes using water and 4% acetic acid solution as food simulant. The sample solutions were cleaned up and concentrated using solid-phase extraction (SPE). The determination of migrants in the simulant was carried out using HPLC-FL. The migration of bisphenol A, phenol and p-tert-butylphenol were found in all samples. Their contents in water ranged from 0.73 - 2.54 μg/L, with a mean level of 1.41 μg/L, and the migrants in 4% acetic acid solution ranged from 0.72 - 3.68 μg/L, with a mean level of 1.58 μg/L. From both food simulants, the levels of p-tert-butylphenol migration were lower than bisphenol A and phenol. When comparing the amounts of migration under various test conditions performed on 120 cycles, it was observed that at 100
C for 15 minutes, under autoclave condition the levels of migrations were higher than other test conditions. The migration of substances significantly increased with higher temperatures and contact periods. However, the levels of bisphenol A, phenol and p-tert-butylphenol migrating from PC child utensils were far below the restriction limit (2,500 μg/L) set by the ‘Notification of the ministry of Public Health No 295’ ( BE 2548) and bisphenol A levels were also lower than the limit level (30 μg/L) pertaining to ‘European standard EN14350-2’ (2004).
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