Anti-inflammatory Activity on Skin Cells, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Methanolic Thai Hemp Leaves Extracts
Anti-inflammatory, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Thai Hemp Leaves Extracts
Keywords:
Anti-inflammatory, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antioxidant, Thai hemp leaves extractsAbstract
Since The Thai government has a policy for promoting hemp (Cannabis sativa L. subsp. sativa) as an economic crop for fiber. Therefore, the utilizing feasibility of hemp leaves, a by-product of post-harvest hemp fiber production, would be considered in order to create added value to the business. The purpose of this research was to investigate the pharmacological effects of leaves extracts of four cultivars of Thai hemp, RPF1–4, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activities. The results revealed that the cannabinoid fraction of RPF4 possessed the highest antioxidant activities presenting as Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity in the range of 88.02–180.84 mg/g. The extracts from RPF3 and RPF4 cultivars had antimicrobial activities against gram-positive bacteria and fungi (Candida albicans), but had no inhibitory effect on gram-negative bacteria. The methanolic crude extracts of RPF3 and RPF4 cultivars had the highest activities against Clostridium sporogenes with the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 976.5 ng/mL. Concerning the anti-inflammatory activity of hemp leaves extracts, it was found that methanolic crude extracts and cannabinoid fraction of all cultivars could suppress nitric oxide (NO) production in the inflammatory process, significantly reduce the pro-inflammatory genes, including iNOS, COX2, and IL-1B, and lower MMP3 and COL2A1 gene expression. Of those, the RPF4 extract had cannabinoids in a rather high amount and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) that exerted the highest anti-inflammatory activity comparable to dexamethasone. The study results are beneficial for using hemp leaves from post-harvest fiber production as herbal products. However, in vivo studies of toxicity and efficacy of those pharmacological activities should be further performed.
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