Efficiency of an Ultrasonic Device in Eliminating Aedes aegypti Larvae and Pupae under Laboratory Conditions

Ultrasonic Device for Aedes aegypti Elimination

Abstract

         Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are responsible for mosquito-borne diseases, cause a major public health challenge in Thailand. The Office of Disease Prevention and Control Region 9, Nakhon Ratchasima, in collaboration with Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand developed an ultrasonic wave generator named “SONiC BOOM” for mosquito management. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of this device in controlling mosquito larvae and pupae under laboratory-controlled conditions. Mosquito larvae (n = 50) and pupae (n = 50) were tested in 20-liter containers in an entomological laboratory. The study included control and test groups exposed to 40 KHz ultrasonic waves for 3 seconds at five different points in the water. Percent mortality was recorded at 5 min and 24 hr post-exposure, and statistical analysis evaluated for significant differences. The results indicated that larval mortality was not different between 5 min and 24 hr post-exposure. The pupal stage showed a substantial difference in mortality between these time points. There was a significant difference in mortality (p < 0.05) between the group exposed to ultrasonic waves and the control group. Initial mortalities after 5 min exposure were 96.0% for larvae and 64.0% for pupae. After 24 hr, mortalities increased to 97.6% for larvae and 100% for pupae. Ultrasonic waves caused rupture of mosquito larvae and pupae’s tissues or internal organs, leading to their death. Thus, “SONiC BOOM” is an efficient alternative tool for controlling mosquito larvae and pupae without chemicals, having minimal environmental impact. The device can be further developed and used in areas affected by future disease outbreaks.