Fabrication and Characterization for X-Ray Radiation Shielding of PVA/PVP: Bi2O3 Composites
Characterization for X-Ray Radiation Shielding of PVA/PVP: Bi2O3 Composites
Keywords:
X-ray shielding material, Polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer, Bismuth oxideAbstract
This study aims to develop composites of polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVA/PVP) with varying bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) content (0–50 wt%) as lead-free X-ray shielding materials. The X-ray attenuation performance of composites was investigated in terms of attenuation efficiency, linear attenuation coefficient, half-value layer, and tenth-value layer values. X-ray sources were operated at tube potentials of (M)28 kVp for the mammographic X-ray machine, (I)60 kVp for the intraoral X-ray machine, and (G)70 and (G)80 kVp for the general diagnostic X-ray machines. Additionally, the theoretical values of mass attenuation coefficients were also investigated using the WinXCom program at energies ranging from 1 keV to 200 keV. The results demonstrated that the ability of the prepared composites to attenuate the initial X-ray beam was increased with the increase of the Bi2O3 amount. The 50 wt% PVA/PVP and 50 wt% of Bi2O3 composite with a thickness of approximately 0.49 mm exhibited the best X-ray attenuation efficiencies, reaching 97.14, 74.49, 57.01, and 52.01% at (M)28, (I)61, (G)70, and (G)80 kVp, respectively. These findings suggest that the fabricated PVA/PVP: Bi2O3 composites, particularly those with high Bi2O3 content, are promising candidates for X-ray shielding in medical applications.
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