Preoperative Preparation of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

          Diabetes and hypertension are the most common chronic diseases and major public health problems. Without appropriate treatment and care, they can result in severe complications, especially chronic kidney disease. It was found that patients with chronic kidney disease in the primary stage may not show any abnormality. The disease can be detected when it has more progression or the patient is in a severe stage. When patients with chronic kidney disease need surgery and anesthesia, it is a challenge to the anesthesiologist and surgeon because of associated physical problems and changes. The major problem is the cardiovascular system, which is the main cause of postoperative complications, and may cause death. There are also other significant changes in the respiratory system, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, and in the nervous system, etc. Therefore, good preparation before anesthesia and surgery is important. It can lessen complications during anesthesia procedure and post surgical operation.