Effects of Pre-Pregnancy Obesity on Maternal and Neonatal Adverse Outcomes in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Patcharaporn Meesub; Piyawan  Pariyawateekul; Wiyada  Luangdansakul; Monyada  Pleankong; Buppa  Smanchat; Kornkarn  Bhamarapravatana; Komsun  Suwannarurk

doi:10.33192/smj.v78i11.271329

Authors

Patcharaporn Meesub Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital, Royal Thai Air Force, Bangkok 10220, Thailand
Piyawan Pariyawateekul Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital, Royal Thai Air Force, Bangkok 10220, Thailand
Wiyada Luangdansakul Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital, Royal Thai Air Force, Bangkok 10220, Thailand
Monyada Pleankong Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital, Royal Thai Air Force, Bangkok 10220, Thailand
Buppa Smanchat Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital, Royal Thai Air Force, Bangkok 10220, Thailand
Kornkarn Bhamarapravatana Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
Komsun Suwannarurk Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33192/smj.v78i11.271329

Keywords:

Obesity, pregnancy outcomes, gestational diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Objective: To explore the effects of pre-pregnancy obesity and GDM on pregnancy outcomes.

Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2022 and December 2023 at Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital (BAH), Bangkok, Thailand. Participants were singleton pregnant women aged between 16 and 45 years old and delivered at BAH. Exclusion criteria were prepregnant medical diseases. All subjects underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test for diagnosis of GDM. There were GDM and the non-GDM groups. Data was reviewed from electronic medical records, including demographic and clinical characteristics; namely: total weight gain (TWG), pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), fetal birth weight (FBW), LGA neonates, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, mild respiratory distress (RD), and birth asphyxia.

Results: A total of 744 participants were included and randomly divided equally into GDM and non-GDM groups, with 372 cases each. PIH, FBW and LGA of obese subjects in both GDM and non-GDM groups were significantly higher than those of non-obese subjects. Subjects with obesity in both groups had significantly less TWG than those in non-obese subjects. GDM group participants with obesity had a significantly higher prevalence of Gestational hypertension (GHT) than non-obese subjects. Among the non-GDM group, obese subjects had significantly higher prevalence of preeclampsia, NICU admission, mild RD, and birth asphyxia than non-obese subjects.

Conclusion: Obese populations showed higher PIH, FBW, and LGA than normal-weight pregnancies. Obese subjects in the GDM group had more GHT than non-obese subjects. Among non-GDM, obese subjects had higher rates of preeclampsia, NICU admission, RD, and birth asphyxia than non-obese subjects.

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