Lessons Learned from the Integrated Treatment and Rehabilitation of Substance Users in Tak Province

Abstract

This qualitative research used a phenomenological approach aimed to extract the lessons learned from the integrated treatment and rehabilitation of substance users in Tak Province. The informants consisted of 3 representatives from network partners involved in treatment and rehabilitation services for individuals with substance use disorders and mental health care. They were divided into four homogeneous groups of nine participants each, selected through purposive sampling. Data was collected through focus group discussions using a semi-structured discussion guide with support from researchers and research assistants. Research instruments included audio recorders, smartphones or cameras, and field notebooks. Data collection was conducted from 1 December 2023 to 31 July 2025. The data were analyzed using content analysis and the trustworthiness of the findings was ensured through investigator triangulation.

            The findings revealed that the integrated model was comprised of five key components: the Eight Allies Multisectoral Team Approach, a proactive engagement strategy, six clear guidelines, a tiered care system based on the capacity of service units and patient severity, and the organizational structure, or service readiness. The key success factors included collaboration or participation; clear communication, and shared goals within the interdisciplinary team; policy or budgetary support; and the empowerment of patients and families. Identified challenges and barriers included coordination and resource limitations, shortages of specialized personnel, issues related to patient safety and referrals, persistent social stigma, and lack of acceptance. These findings can serve as a practical guideline for implementing integrated treatment and rehabilitation for substance users in other areas in the future.