Development of Essential Oils-based Microemulsion Larvicide Product for Control of Insecticide-resistant Strain of Aedes aegypti Mosquito Larvae
Keywords:
Larvicidal activity, microemulsion, essential oils, insecticide-resistant mosquito larvaeAbstract
Chemical insecticides have been used on a large scale to control vectors of dengue fever until now, resulting in chemical toxic to environment and causing chemical resistance in mosquitoes. Natural product should be developed as alternative larvicides to reduce the adverse effects of chemical use. The aim of this study is to determine the larvicidal efficacy of 10 herbal essential oils (Sweet basil, Clove, Eucalyptus, Chinese cassia, Lemon grass, Citronella, Kiffir lime, Orange, Tangerine and Lesser galangal) against laboratory strain (LS) and chemical resistant strain (RS) of Aedes aegypti larvae. The results showed that Sweet basil, Clove and Eucalyptus were the most effective herbal essential oils against the LS larvae with the LC50 of 62.8, 66.0 and 77.4 ppm, respectively. While, these three essential oils showed efficacy against the RS larvae with the LC50 of 72.3, 83.1 and 109.6 ppm, respectively. The microemulsion formulation of the mixture of three oils (Sweet basil, Clove and Eucalyptus) was formulated as a product and tested agsinst LS and RS larvae under semi-field conditions for 5 weeks. During the test period against LS larvae, the product provided mortality rate of 100, 66.7, 57.7, 36.7 and 0.0 percent, respectively. In the same period, it showed mortality rate against RS larvae of 100, 61.7, 46.1, 33.3 and 0.0 percent, respectively. In conclusion, the herbal microemulsion product derived from mixture of the three essential oils demonstrated good efficacy against Ae. aegypti larvae and it could be used to control the mosquito larvae in natural breeding sites.
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