Development of an Innovative Model for Training in Heart and Lung Auscultation

Abstract

        Background: Cardiopulmonary examination is a critical assessment requiring careful attention to establish applicable nursing diagnosis(es). This study aimed to create and develop an innovative model for training in heart and lung auscultation, including testing the effectiveness of the innovation created. Methods: There were three phases: 1) studying the need(s) for the model conducted through a focus group discussion with nine people involved in teaching and learning and six of third and fourth-year nursing students per year; 2) creating and developing the model then trying out it by the groups of fourth-year nursing students and newly graduated professional nurses, 30 persons per group; and 3) proving the effectiveness of the model through 57 third-year nursing students. The instruments consisted of semi-structured focus group questions, a qualification assessment form, and an innovation effectiveness assessment form. The quality of the tools was examined by three experts. The content validity index of the tool set was 1.00, the reliability of a qualification assessment form, and an innovation effectiveness assessment form was 0.83 and 0.87 respectively. Descriptive statistics were employed for quantitative data analysis; content analysis was also applied for qualitative data interpretation. Results: The innovative model was an upper half-body, life-sized human-like mannequin. Its shape and ribs were simulated with hard plastic and were covered by natural rubber prepared from the foaming process. The sound system was connected with a built-in speaker for listening to heart and lung sounds, and narration. Trial results evaluated by nursing students and newly nurses showed good overall characteristics with an average score at 4.49 (SD.57) and 4.48 (SD.58), respectively. The overall effectiveness of the model was a very good level with an average score at 4.59 (SD.54). Conclusion: This innovation is easy and convenient to apply as well as meets the needs of the users.