Inhibitory Effects of Ethanolic Extract from Bouea macrophylla Griffith (Marain Plum) Seeds on Alpha-Glucosidase, Alpha-Amylase and Advanced Glycation End-Products Formation
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with chronic hyperglycemia and the accumulation of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs), which contribute to long-term complications. This study investigated the inhibitory effects of ethanolic Bouea macrophylla Griffith seed extract (MPSE) on α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and AGE formation in vitro. Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Enzyme inhibitory activities were evaluated using pNPG-based and DNS colorimetric assays, while antiglycation activity was assessed using a BSA–ribose model. MPSE had a total phenolic content of 391.03 ± 7.49 mg GAE/g extract and exhibited strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 6.65 ± 0.48 µg/mL), significantly stronger than acarbose under the experimental conditions (p < 0.05). Pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) showed the highest activity (IC50 = 3.02 ± 0.27 µg/mL). In contrast, α-amylase inhibition was low to moderate. MPSE and PGG also demonstrated moderate inhibition of AGE formation. These findings suggest that MPSE, particularly its major polyphenolic compound PGG, demonstrated promising in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory and antiglycation activities. However, further in vivo and pharmacokinetic studies are required to confirm their biological relevance and therapeutic potential.
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References
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