Incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)
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Abstract
Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a serious complication of prematurity treatment and can lead to blindness unless recognized and treated early
Objective: To determine the incidence and risk factor of retinopathy of prematurity in premature infants with birth weight < 2,000 g in Sisaket hospital
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted of premature infants with birth weight < 2,000 g admitted to the NICU in Sisaket hospital between April 2012 and March 2015.
Results: out of the studied 304 infants, 61 infants (20.1%) developed ROP; 6.6% had stage 1, 32.8% had stage 2, 59.0% had stage 3 and 1.6% developed stage 4. Thirty three infants (54% of ROP case,10.8% of total) needed laser therapy. The incidence of ROP was 59.3%, 18.6%, 7% in the infants with gestational age < 28, 28-32, > 32 weeks, respectively and 64.5%, 22.5%, 6.9% in the infants with birth weight < 1,000, 1,000 -1,499, 1,500-2,000 g, respectively. No ROP was detected in the infants with gestational age > 34 weeks and birth weight >1,845 g. Univariate analysis showed a significant relationship between the occurrence of ROP and gestational age, birth weight, respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, pneumonia, apnea of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, patent ductus arteriosus, mechanical ventilation days, oxygen supplement days and blood transfusion. However, using multivariable logistic regression analysis; low gestational age (OR 0.768; Cl 0.633-0.932), low birth weight (OR 0.997; Cl 0.996-0.998), sepsis (OR 2.443; Cl 1.039-5.743), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (OR 2.152; Cl 1.092-4.242), patent ductus arteriosus (OR 2.558; Cl 1.326-4.934), mechanical ventilation day (OR 1.032; Cl 1.0061.059), oxygen supplement days (OR 1.019; Cl 1.004-1.035) and blood transfusion (OR 4.085; Cl 1.658-10.061) were significant risk factor for ROP.
Conclusion: The incidence of ROP in Sisaket hospital is 20.1%. Low gestational age, low birth weight, sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, patent ductus arteriosus, mechanical ventilation day, oxygen supplement days and blood transfusion were significant risk factor for ROP.
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References
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