Overall Survival and Treatment Outcome of Childhood ALL in Si Sa Ket hospital

Abstract

Background: Acute Lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common neoplasm in childhood. The probability of current overall survival (OS) is around 90% in developed countries. Major causes of death were severe infection during chemotherapy and relapse of disease.
Objective: This work aims to analyze the results of children with ALL treated at Si Sa Ket Hospital and to defined risk factors to achieved outcome.
Methods: Prognostic research, retrospective data collection of childhood ALL patients treated at Si Sa Ket Hospital with Thai-national based protocol (ThaiPOG) by risk classification group of patients . Kaplan-Meier was used for the analysis of OS and the Cox proportional hazards regression model for multivariate analysis.
Results: Fifty-three children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were included in the study. Majority of them had age less than 5 years. The male to female ratio was 1.1:1. Most common subtype was pre-B cell ALL. The overall survival was 72.6 %. The Three-year survival rates by risk group were 79.4 %, 76.4 % and 42.9 % in the standard-risk, high-risk and very high-risk groups, respectively. The relapse rate was 13.2 % and mortality rate was 24.5%.
Conclusions: The overall survival of Childhood-ALL in Si Sa Ket hospital was lower than the developed country but higher than the study in Thailand which treated with ThaiPOG based protocol. Severe infection and relapse of disease were the majority cause of death.