Proportion and Risk Factors for Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection among Children Hospitalized at Sikhoraphum Hospital, Surin Province
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Abstract
Background: Lower respiratory tract viral infections, particularly RSV, are major contributors to severe illness and mortality in children. Identifying associated risk factors is important for improving prevention and public health system planning.
Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection among pediatric patients admitted to Sikhoraphum Hospital, Surin Province.
Methods: This analytical study employed a retrospective cohort design using medical record data. The study population comprised children under 15 years of age with laboratory-confirmed RSV infection who were admitted to Sikhoraphum Hospital, Surin Province, between January 1st., 2021, and December 31st., 2024. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: A total of 196 pediatric patients with laboratory-confirmed Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection were included in the analysis. Of these, 85 children (43.4%) met the criteria for severe RSV infection. Multivariate analysis showed that underlying diseases (Adjusted OR = 3.89, 95%CI: 1.11–13.63, p = 0.03) and non-exclusive breastfeeding for less than six months (Adjusted OR = 9.23, 95%CI: 4.32–19.70, p < 0.01) were independently associated with severe RSV infection. Severe cases also had a longer hospital stay compared with non-severe cases (6.5±1.8 vs. 4.7±1.8 days, p < 0.01).
Conclusion: Severe RSV infection accounted for 43.4% of pediatric cases. Underlying illnesses and breastfeeding for less than six months were key predictors of severe disease.
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