Pregnancy outcomes of maternal anemia in term pregnancy
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Abstract
Objective : To determine pregnancy outcomes and fetal outcomes in maternal anemia.
Materials and Methods : A retrospective cohort study was conducted in pregnant women who delivered at Charoenkrung Pracharak Hospital from January 1st,2020 to December 31st,2020. A total of 220 term singleton pregnant women were enrolled. 44 pregnant women with anemia during pregnancy (study group), and 176 pregnant women without anemia during pregnancy (control group) were compared in 1:4 ratio. The pregnancy outcomes between two groups were compared.
Results : Pregnant women with anemia significantly increased the risk of primary cesarean section, Apgar score at 1 minute < 7, low birth weight, NICU admission. Regression analysis for anemia at various time during pregnancy still detected pregnant women with anemia at first visit, third trimester, and day of delivery significantly increased the risk of primary cesarean section. The rate of Apgar score at 1 minute < 7 was significantly higher only in pregnant women with anemia at first visit (adjusted RR 5.91, 95%CI 1.82-19.11) and at delivery day (adjusted RR 3.56, 95%CI 1.12-11.34). Moreover, there was significantly higher rate of NICU admission in maternal anemia at first ANC and at the day of delivery compared to non-anemic mother. In contrast, the rate of low birth weight significantly increased only in pregnant women with anemia at third trimester (adjusted RR 6.80, 95%CI 1.43-32.29). No significant differences in other pregnancy outcomes found.
Conclusion : Maternal anemia during pregnancy significantly increased the risk of Apgar score at 1 minute < 7, low birth weight, NICU admission and risk for primary cesarean section.
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